animals in the safari desert

• What Animals Live In The Sahara Desert?

• The Sahara Desert hosts an incredible array of species that are well-adapted to survive in the extreme desert climate.
• 70 mammalian species, 90 species of birds, 100 species of reptiles, and other smaller forms of life are found in the Sahara Desert.
• The desert hosts the highly feared deathstalker scorpion, the extremely venomous sand viper, the elegant and fierce cheetah and other equally magnificent species.

The Sahara Desert is usually imagined as a vast, parched, lifeless stretch of sandy landscape with scattered nomadic tribes and their domesticated camels. However, the Sahara holds much more life than that. It occupies an area of 9,400,000 square km that is comparable to the size of the United States. It stretches across much of Northern Africa, covering about 31% of the African landmass. Thus, it is the largest hot desert in the world.

The Sahara Desert hosts an incredible array of species that are well-adapted to survive in the desert climate. 70 mammalian species, 90 species of birds, 100 species of reptiles, and several species of spiders, scorpions, and other smaller forms of life, call the Sahara Desert their home. Apart from the dromedary camel and goats, the desert hosts the highly feared deathstalker scorpion, the extremely venomous sand viper, the elegant and fierce cheetah, the graceful gazelles, the swift-footed red-necked ostrich and other unique and magnificent species.

Here, on our list of "What Animals Live In The Sahara Desert?" we present some of the most iconic species of the Sahara Desert.

A venomous species of snake, the viper  Cerastes vipera inhabits the Sahara Desert. The snakes have a length of about 20-35 cm and possess a broad, triangular head and tiny eyes. The potent hemotoxin produced by this viper kills its prey almost immediately. Small mammals, birds, and lizards are their usual prey. Another species of venomous viper, the Cerastes cerastes also lives in the Sahara. The presence of a pair of supraocular "horns" helps to easily distinguish this viper species from others.

Saharan Silver Ant

A unique animal, the Saharan Silver Ant ( Cataglyphis bombycina ), remains active for only 10 minutes a day. These creatures have longer legs than other ants and produce heat shock proteins before exiting their burrows. Both these adaptations help them survive the extreme heat of the desert.

Deathstalker Scorpion

The deathstalker scorpion ( Leiurus quinquestriatus ) is the most poisonous scorpion species in the world. It produces a lethal cocktail of neurotoxins that might trigger excruciating pain in an adult human when bitten by this scorpion. Children, the aged, and the sock individuals are also at risk of dying by envenomation in extreme cases of deathstalker bites.

Desert Crocodile

When we speak of “What animals live in the Sahara Desert?” we hardly think of crocodiles. However, the West African crocodile ( Crocodylus suchus ) inhabits some parts of the desert habitat where it remains in a state of aestivation during periods of drought, hidden away in the safety of caves and burrows. During the rainy season, the crocodiles emerge from their shelter and gather at gueltas.

Monitor Lizards

The desert monitor ( Varanus griseus ) is a carnivorous lizard species found in the Sahara Desert. This animal is a cold-blooded creature and hence goes into hibernation from September to April. The lizards grow up to 1-2 meters in length and have an average lifetime of about eight years in the wild. The desert monitor feeds primarily on rodents, fish, and eggs but it might also feed on birds, small mammals, and other creatures if the opportunity arises.

Black-Faced Firefinch

The black-faced firefinch ( Lagonosticta larvata) is a common bird belonging to the estrildid finch family of Africa. This species can be sighted in many countries of sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, the bird is classified as Least Concern because of its widespread distribution. However, populations of this bird are estimated to be declining steadily.

African Silverbill

The African silverbill ( Euodice cantans ) is a bird that lives in arid landscapes. It is a resident bird of dry savanna regions of Africa bordering the Sahara Desert. The African silverbill is a sociable bird that perch atop trees in large flocks often huddled close together for long periods of time. They feed on grass seeds and seeds of growing plants.

Red-necked Ostrich

The North African ostrich ( Struthio camelus camelus ) is the largest living bird in the world. It grows up to about 9 feet in length, has a pinkish-red neck, black/white plumage in males and gray plumage in females. Hunting for food, capture for farming, loss of habitat, etc., has led to the rapid decline of the population of this ostrich. The species is now found in only 6 of the 18 countries where it once existed.

Small, thickset, herbivorous mammals, the rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis ) is found across sub-Saharan Africa. These animals usually take shelter inside rock crevices and come out at the time of foraging. They live in big groups of 10-80 animals and forage together.

African Wild Dog

An endangered species, the African wild dog ( Lycaon pictus ) is native to sub-Saharan Africa. Today, only 39 subpopulations of this canid species exist comprised of 6,600 adults. Outbreaks of infectious diseases, persecution by humans, and habitat destruction are responsible for the decline in African wild dog populations. These animals are highly social, living and hunting in large packs. Uniquely, it is the females of this species that leaves the pack when sexually mature instead of the males. Antelopes are their primary prey.

Gazelles (Dorcas Gazelle, Rhim Gazelle, Dama Gazelle)

The dorcas gazelle ( Gazella dorcas ), a small gazelle species, inhabits the Sahara Desert and surrounding grasslands. Designated as vulnerable by the IUCN, only 35,000-40,000 of these animals exist today. The dorcas gazelle is well-adapted to life in the desert. It can go without drinking for its entire lifetime, but when water is available, it does drink water. These gazelles are active between dusk to dawn when they forage for leaves, fruits, twigs, and flowers of desert vegetation.

With fewer than 2,500 individuals of the rhim gazelle ( Gazella leptoceros ) left in the wild, this species has been declared to be endangered by IUCN. They are well adapted to survive the extremes of the desert habitat in which they live. These gazelles possess a pale coat color that reflects sunlight and enlarged hooves that allow them to walk smoothly in the desert sand.

The critically endangered species of gazelle, the dama gazelle ( Nanger dama ) is today found only in Niger, Chad , and Mali though earlier it had a more widespread distribution. Hunting for meat and habitat loss threatens the survival of this species. These gazelles feed on leaves, fruits, grasses, and shoots of desert plants.

Dromedary Camels And Goats

The dromedary camel or the Arabian camel ( Camelus dromedarius ), is the second largest camel species after the Bactrian camels. They have a single hump unlike the two humps of the Bactrian species. These camels have been domesticated by the human settlers of the Sahara and are utilized for various purposes like transport and meat. These camels are highly adapted to survive in arid conditions and are mainly nocturnal in nature. The people of the Sahara also keep domesticated goats for milk and meat. Both the camels and the goats were at one time found in the wild, but currently, wild populations of these animals are quite rare.

Desert Foxes (Fennec Fox, Pale Fox and Rüppell's Fox)

The Fennec fox ( Vulpes zerda ) is the smallest canid species with unusually large ears that help dissipate heat. Its body is well adapted to the arid habitat, and it is found from Morocco through Egypt as well as down south till northern Niger and east till Kuwait and the Sinai Peninsula. It feeds on birds, insects, and rodents.
One of the least studied species of fox, the pale fox’s habitat stretches from Senegal to Sudan. Its sandy color well camouflages it in the desert, making it difficult to be detected.The Rüppell's fox (Vulpes rueppellii) is a small fox with a sandy coat and an omnivorous diet. It also finds its place on our list of “What Animals Live In The Sahara Desert?”

Saharan Cheetah

Among the top predatory animals that live in the Sahara Desert is the Saharan cheetah ( Acinonyx jubatus hecki ). Only about 250 mature adults of this critically endangered species survive today. They are found primarily in the central western parts of the desert. These cheetahs have a pale colored coat and less visible spots and tear stripes than other African cheetahs. They feed on antelopes like the addax and the gazelles. Occasionally, they also hunt hares. They are usually solitary in nature with a semi-nomadic lifestyle. They mainly hunt at night.

Addax Antelope

A critically endangered species, the addax antelope ( Addax nasomaculatus ) is rarely sighted in the Sahara. Indiscriminate hunting has wiped out large populations of this animal. The species is native to Mauritania, Chad, and Niger. It is characterized by its long, twisted horns and pale coat color which also lends it the name of white antelope. The addax antelopes are highly adapted to live in the harsh desert conditions and can sustain themselves without water for indefinite periods of time. Thus, they are found in extremely arid conditions, regions receiving less than 100 mm of annual rainfall. They feed on grasses and leaves of desert plants and obtain water from their food and dew.

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15 Animals to See on an African Safari

The word "Africa" is an evocative one that usually goes hand-in-hand with mental images of vast savanna plains dotted with exotic game. The majority of overseas visitors to Africa will go on  safari and, in doing so, discover that there is nothing more magical than a close encounter with the continent's incredible wildlife. Most of the species one sees on safari are unique to Africa, and many of them are instantly recognizable. In this article, we look at 15 of the continent's most iconic animals, including those that make up the African Big Five . 

TripSavvy / Felicia Martinez

To see a lion in its natural habitat is one of the most humbling, impressive sights an African safari can offer. However, while witnessing a kill is the ultimate prize, you're more likely to see one sleeping than in active pursuit of dinner. Lions spend up to 20 hours a day at rest and are most active at dusk and dawn. They are the most social of all wild cat species, living in prides consisting of between five and 10 adult lions. Tragically, lions are threatened by human expansion throughout Africa, with experts prophesying that populations could fall by as much as five percent in the next 20 years.

Best Places to See Lions: Head to Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park on the border of South Africa, Namibia, and Botswana; or to Tanzania's Serengeti National Park during the wildebeest migration. 

There is nothing quite like the first time you see an  African elephant  in the wild. As the largest living terrestrial animal on Earth, their size alone is overwhelming; but many visitors also find themselves drawn by the elephants' tangible aura of wisdom. Elephants are found in various sub-Saharan habitats, including forests, deserts, and savanna. They are herbivorous, processing up to 600 pounds of vegetation per day. Although most elephants are peaceful by nature, they can be dangerous if provoked; however, they are far more at risk from humans than we are from them. 

Best Places to See Elephants: Vast elephant herds roam Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe and Chobe National Park in Botswana. 

As the tallest animal on Earth, you'd think that giraffes would be easy to spot on safari. However, their distinctive brown and white markings serve as excellent camouflage, and it's not unusual for giraffes to materialize out of the bush just a few feet away. There are nine subspecies found across sub-Saharan Africa, all of which boast blue tongues, stubby horn-like protrusions on their heads, and of course, outrageously long necks. To drink without losing consciousness, the giraffe's neck contains unique veins and valves that regulate the flow of blood to its head. 

Best Places to See Giraffes: Spot large herds of Masai giraffe in the Serengeti, or head to Murchison Falls National Park in Uganda to see the endangered Rothschild's giraffe. 

The elusive  African leopard  is a subspecies of leopard found only in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite its wide range, leopards are among the most difficult of all safari animals to see, as they are both nocturnal and exceptionally wary of humans. Leopards use trees as observation platforms and for protection, and that is where they are most often spotted during daylight hours. They are solitary animals with exceptional predatory skills, including the ability to climb, swim, and drag prey weighing up to three times their body weight up into the trees. Leopards are classified as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. 

Best Places to See Leopards: South Africa's Sabi Sands Game Reserve and South Luangwa National Park in Zambia are famous for leopard sightings. 

White Rhino

Thomas Halle/ Getty Images

The easiest way to tell Africa's two rhino species apart is by the shape of their bottom lip: wide and square for white rhinos and pointed for black rhinos. The name "white" rhino comes from a mistranslation of the Dutch word for "wide." Although the survival of both species is threatened by widespread poaching, white rhinos are more numerous and therefore easier to spot, especially in Southern Africa, where they prefer grassland and savanna habitats. White rhinos are the largest of five extant rhino species. Adult males averaging around 5,100 pounds are also one of the world's heaviest land mammals.

Best Places to See White Rhinos: Hluhluwe–Imfolozi Park and Kruger National Park in South Africa offer a good chance of spotting white rhinos.

Black Rhino

Manuel ROMARIS/Getty Images

Once found across Southern and East Africa, the black rhino is now considered critically endangered, with fewer than 5,000 individuals left in the wild and three subspecies already classified as extinct. Adult black rhinos have no natural predators, and their population collapse is predominantly due to poaching. They are killed for their horns, made of keratin, and exported to Asia for use in traditional Chinese medicine. Unlike white rhinos, which can sometimes be seen living in herds, black rhinos are generally solitary (although the bond between mother and calf is strong). They favor thick scrub and bushland.

Best Places to See Black Rhinos: Etosha National Park in Namibia is a rhino conservation success story with a thriving black rhino population. Kenya's Ol Pejeta Conservancy is another renowned sanctuary for black rhinos.

TripSavvy / Jess Macdonald

The cheetah is the most slender of Africa's big cats, a magnificent animal known for its incredible speed. They are capable of short bursts of up to 70 miles per hour, making them the world's fastest land animal. However, cheetahs often have their kills stolen by other, more powerful predators despite their speed. They are a vulnerable species with only around 7,100 individuals left in the wild, including a tiny population of approximately 40 individuals in Iran. Cheetahs are found throughout Southern and East Africa in wide-open spaces that allow them to reach their top speed while pursuing prey. 

Best Places to See Cheetahs: The Maasai Mara National Reserve provides the ideal habitat for cheetahs. Alternatively, track rehabilitated cheetah on foot at  Okonjima Game Reserve in Namibia. 

African buffalo have a robust build and distinctive fused horns. They are grazers, typically moving in herds, with no natural predators except lions and crocodiles. Unlike other species of wild buffalo, the African buffalo has never been successfully tamed, thanks to its naturally aggressive and unpredictable nature. Although seeing a buffalo herd ranging across the savanna is undoubtedly an unforgettable sight, it's crucial to treat these animals with respect. They are responsible for multiple human fatalities every year and are considered one of the continent's most dangerous species. 

Best Places to See Buffalo: Katavi National Park in Tanzania is famous for its enormous buffalo herds. Chobe National Park is another good bet. 

Hippopotamus

Hippos are a common sight in Southern and East Africa's rivers, swamps, and lakes. Often found in groups of up to 100 individuals, hippos spend most of their life in water, only leaving their aquatic homes to graze on the riverbanks at dusk. They have several fascinating adaptations, including webbed feet, large canine tusks, and the ability to secrete a kind of natural sunscreen. Male hippos are territorial and, like buffalo, can be exceptionally aggressive when provoked. Similarly, take care never to get between a hippo mother and her calf. 

Best Places to See Hippos:  Zambia's  Luangwa Valley  is home to the world's largest concentration of hippos. The Okavango Delta in Botswana is also full of them. 

Nile Crocodile

After the saltwater crocodile, Nile crocodiles are the world's largest living reptile, with the biggest on record exceeding 20 feet in length. In sub-Saharan Africa, they are found in various aquatic habitats, including lakes, rivers, and deltas. Crocodiles are well camouflaged in the water and are most often spotted sunning themselves on the riverbank. They have been around for millions of years, and with heavily armored skin and powerful jaws, they certainly look prehistoric. Nile crocodiles are perfect predators, employing ambush tactics to take their prey unawares. 

Best Place to See Crocodiles: Watch herds of wildebeest and zebra crossing the Mara River during East Africa's annual migration to see Nile crocodiles in action. 

There are three species of zebra in Africa; the plains zebra most commonly seen throughout East and Southern Africa , and the rarer mountain and Grévy's zebras. Although they may look like domestic horses, zebras are almost impossible to tame; their distinctive stripe patterns are unique to each individual as a human's fingerprints. Zebras live on grass, and in some areas, form great migratory herds to seek out the best grazing grounds. They often create a mutually beneficial relationship with another African species during the migration, the wildebeest . 

Best Places to See Zebra: For sheer numbers, you can't beat the Serengeti or the Maasai Mara during migration season. To see the endangered Grévy's zebra, head to Lewa Wildlife Conservancy in northern Kenya. 

Thomas Retterath/Getty Images

Easily recognizable by their tan, black, and white fur, African wild dogs are the largest (and one of the rarest) canids in Africa. They are highly social animals, living in packs led by an alpha male and female and communicating with a series of high-pitched twittering sounds. Wild dogs hunt as a team, chasing their prey until it collapses from exhaustion. Unlike other social carnivores, weaned pups are allowed to eat first at the kill to give them the best chance of survival. Nevertheless, African wild dogs are endangered, with populations declining due to habitat fragmentation, human conflict, and diseases spread by domestic dogs.

Best Places to See Wild Dogs: Top destinations for spotting wild dogs include Ruaha National Park in Tanzania, Madikwe Game Reserve in South Africa, and Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe.

The most common large carnivore on the African continent, the Hyaenidae family comprises four species of hyena: spotted, brown, striped, and aardwolf. Though their mighty jaws and strong digestive tract are ideally suited for scavenging, hyenas only feed on carrion and other refuse for 30 percent of their meals; for the other 70 percent, they prey on animals of all different sizes and shapes, including wildebeest, antelope, birds, and snakes. Hyena clans can consist of up to 100 members, and individuals will communicate with each other through wailing, screaming, and "laughing." Hyenas (particularly spotted) live in a range of habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa, from savannas and grasslands to subdeserts and mountains.

Best Places to See Hyena: You can find hyenas in many national parks in Africa, including Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe, Namibia's Cape Cross Seal Reserve , and Ruaha National Park in Tanzania. For your best chance at seeing them, plan to sign up for a night safari.

This antelope species can be subdivided into the greater kudu and the lesser kudu subspecies, both of which can be identified by their white vertical stripes, spots, and chevron pattern between their eyes. Greater kudus are most prevalent throughout southern Africa's lowland Bushveld but can also be found throughout East Africa—particularly Kenya and the Horn of Africa region; similarly, lesser kudus tend to prefer the dense thornbush around East Africa. Males, characterized by elongated horns that can grow up to 6 feet in length, can typically be seen alone or with other bachelors, though you may find them with females during mating season. On the other hand, female kudus live in small herds with their offspring.

Best Places to See Kudu: Greater kudus are best seen in Kenya's Tsavo National Park and Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.

Warthogs thrive in savanna woodland, grasslands, and marshes, taking up natural burrows and abandoned aardvark holes. With the use of their strong neck muscles and padded knees, warthogs will spend the day foraging for food, digging through soil to uncover tubers, roots, berries, and grass. Sows can be found in matriarchal groups comprising up to 40 female warthogs and piglets, while boars prefer to live alone or with other bachelors.

Best Places to See Warthog: Warthogs live all over sub-Saharan Africa but are most common in the eastern and southern parts of the continent. If you want to spot them on safari, consider planning a trip to Kruger National Park , Masai Mara , or South Luangwa National Park in Zambia.

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• Sahara Wildlife

Discover 10 Amazing Sahara Desert Animals You Must See

• 25 March, 2024
• 7 Minutes Read

• Photo Credit: Christophe André

Imagine the Sahara Desert, an endless sea of golden sands, where life seems an impossible feat. Yet, within this harsh and unforgiving landscape, life flourishes in the most unexpected ways.

In this blog post, we’ll discover 10 amazing Sahara Desert animals that capture the essence of this magical place. These creatures are not just survivors; they are masters of their domain, each with unique adaptations that allow them to thrive in this extreme environment.

Fennec Fox: The Iconic Desert Ambassador

Meet the Fennec Fox, the Sahara Desert’s most endearing inhabitant. With its oversized ears and adorably petite frame, this fox is the epitome of desert adaptation. These remarkable ears aren’t just for show; they serve as natural air conditioners, dissipating heat and keeping the fox cool in the scorching Sahara heat.

The Fennec Fox’s creamy, sand-colored coat provides perfect camouflage against predators and the sun’s unrelenting rays. As nocturnal animals, they venture out at night, using their keen senses to hunt for insects, plants, and small animals.

However, the survival of this desert ambassador is under threat from human activities. Local people often trap these foxes for exhibition or sale to tourists, posing a significant risk to their well-being and sustainability in their natural habitat.

Dromedary Camel: The Ship of the Desert

Picture a vast sea of sand – that’s the Sahara. And in this sea, the Dromedary Camel sails like a ship. It’s more than just an animal; it’s a friend and hero in the desert, able to live where most can’t.

Each step of the camel’s journey tells stories of old caravans and nomadic tribes, linking the past and present. Its hump isn’t just for show; it stores energy, letting the camel go days without water. As the evening turns the desert golden, they keeps moving, calm and wise. Watching them is like seeing the Sahara’s heart – beautiful, tough, and full of life.

These gentle giants have been indispensable to humans for centuries, serving as a means of transportation and a source of milk, meat, and wool. And also play a vital role of ecotourism, offering visitors a unique way to experience the desert’s majestic beauty.

Dorcas Gazelle: The Graceful Desert Dweller

The Dorcas Gazelle, with its slender build and elegant horns, is a testament to the beauty that thrives in the Sahara Desert. These gazelles are masters of desert survival, navigating the arid landscape with ease. Their light brown fur blends seamlessly with the sandy environment, providing camouflage from predators.

Despite the harsh conditions of the Sahara, the Dorcas Gazelle has adaptations that make it a master of survival in this arid landscape. Their large eyes are not just for beauty; they provide a wide field of vision, helping them spot predators from afar and can live its whole life without drinking water, getting moisture from the plants it eats.

As one of the Sahara Desert animals perfectly adapted to a life of scarcity, they sip water from the dew and find nourishment where it seems none exists. Watching a Dorcas Gazelle leap across the sand is like watching a ballet set on an endless stage, a reminder of the elegance that thrives in the heart of the desert.

Saharan Horned Viper: The Deadly Camouflager

The Saharan Horned Viper is not just any snake; it’s a master of disguise within the expansive Sahara Desert. This snake is known for its distinctive “horns” above its eyes, which are actually scales. Imagine it blending into the sandy desert so well that you could walk right past without noticing.

This snake has a super neat way of moving – it slithers sideways, making a unique zigzag trail in the sand. Even though it has a venomous bite, it usually keeps away from people and hunts for food at night.

What’s amazing is how this viper can stay cool in the desert heat and be such a sneaky hunter. It buries itself in the sand where it’s cooler, waiting patiently for the perfect moment to strike. And if it feels threatened, it can make a raspy sound by rubbing its scales together, warning others to back off. It’s one of the Sahara’s most interesting animals.

Berber Skink: The Desert Sandfish

Diving into the sandy seas of the Sahara, the Berber Skink is a real-life desert swimmer, but without the water. This reptile has a sleek, shiny body that’s just perfect for sliding under the sand. It’s like watching a fish swim, but in the Sahara desert!

The Berber Skink has this amazing ability to vanish into the sand in seconds, hiding from the hot sun and predators. Its smooth scales help it move through the sand as easily as if it were swimming in the ocean. And when it comes to dinner time, this skink isn’t shy. It’ll pop up from its sandy hideout to snatch up insects and small creatures.

But there’s more to the Berber Skink than just its hunting skills. This skink is a master at finding the coolest spots during the scorching days and knows exactly when to come out and enjoy the cooler desert nights. So, if you’re exploring the Sahara and see a ripple under the sand, it might just be the Berber Skink, the desert’s very own sub-sand swimmer.

Desert Jerboa: The Desert Acrobat

The Jerboa is like the acrobat of the Sahara Desert, leaping and bounding across the sand with ease. This tiny creature has long hind legs, almost like a kangaroo, which it uses to jump great distances.

Jerboas are mostly active at night, which helps them avoid the daytime heat and predators. By moonlight, they search for seeds and plants to eat, using their excellent hearing to stay alert for any threats. Their tails help the Jerboa balance while hopping and make sharp turns.

Living in burrows during the day keeps them cool and safe. Jerboas have a fascinating way of sealing the entrance to their homes to maintain humidity and temperature. With their energetic jumps and unique lifestyle, Jerboas bring a touch of whimsy to the harsh Sahara landscape.

Desert Sparrow: Sahara’s Melodious Bird

The Desert Sparrow is a little bundle of joy and resilience in the vast Sahara. It’s not just any bird; it has a special talent for living in the desert. These sparrows have adapted to the extreme heat and scarce water by finding creative ways to stay cool and hydrated. They often nest in the most unlikely places, like under the roofs of desert houses or even in camel stables, to escape the scorching sun.

Their song is a melody that brings life to the silent desert. Listening to a Desert Sparrow can make the vast, empty Sahara feel like a vibrant community. These birds are not just surviving; they’re thriving, making the best of what the desert offers. They remind us that beauty and life can flourish in the most unexpected places.

Desert Hedgehog: The Spiny Night Walker

Meet the Desert Hedgehog, one of the Sahara’s cutest survivors. Unlike its European cousins, this little guy is all set for the desert life. It’s smaller, which helps it lose less water and stay cool. Plus, its light-colored spines reflect the desert sun, keeping it from getting too hot.

At night, when the desert cools down, the Desert Hedgehog comes out to play. They aren’t picky eaters; they love insects, small animals, and even plants. What’s really cool is how they deal with venomous scorpions and snakes. They have immunity to some venoms, which means they can munch on these dangerous critters without a problem.

Living in burrows or under bushes, Desert Hedgehogs are the ultimate survivors. They’re not just about survival, though. They’re important for the desert, helping control pests and spreading plant seeds. So, next time you’re on a Sahara adventure, keep an eye out for these spiky little night walkers. They might just surprise you with their resilience and charm.

Saharan Silver Ant: The Heat Conqueror

The Saharan Silver Ant, known as the heat conqueror, this ant can withstand temperatures that would be lethal to most other species. During the midday heat, when the desert becomes a furnace, and other animals seek shade, this ant can ventures out in search of food.

What makes these ants truly remarkable is their shiny, silver coat. This unique feature reflects the sunlight, helping them manage the intense heat of the desert sun. Their long legs elevate them above the hot sand, minimizing body heat absorption.

Watching the Saharan Silver Ants on their brief forays out of the nest is like witnessing a masterclass in survival. They are fast, efficient, and incredibly adapted to their environment. Their ability to thrive under such extreme conditions is a testament to the resilience of life in the Sahara.

Beetle: The Industrious Scavenger

In the heart of the Sahara, where life clings to the rarest of resources, beetles emerge as unsung heroes. These industrious scavengers are the cleanup crew of the desert, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem. They navigate the sands, breaking down plant and animal waste, turning it into nutrients that enrich the desert floor.

What’s truly fascinating about these beetles is their resilience. They’ve adapted to survive in one of the harshest environments on Earth, developing behaviors and physical traits that help them conserve water and avoid the extreme heat. Some species even collect dew on their bodies as a source of hydration.

During your desert tour exploration, it’s highly likely that you will spot tracks in the sand left by these little insects. These tracks tell a story of survival, of life’s persistence in the most challenging conditions.

As we conclude our journey through the Sahara, the resilience and beauty of Sahara Desert animals remind us of nature’s incredible ability to adapt and thrive. Each creature, from the smallest ant to the swift gazelle, plays a vital role in the desert’s ecological tapestry.

Joseph Taoubane

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The Nine Deserts In Africa

Everything you need to know about african deserts.

Looking for information on the deserts in Africa? Then you’re in the right place!

Over one-third of the African continent is covered by desert, from the Mediterranean to South Africa and the Indian to the Atlantic oceans. The deserts in Africa are home to some of the most extreme landscapes and stark conditions on Earth, as well as some of the most beautiful.

Whilst there is seemingly plenty of nothing in African deserts, they offer a unique environmental and cultural history dating back millions of years, and in places are home to excellent wildlife viewing opportunities (read about African desert animals).

What is a desert?

Deserts are defined as dry regions receiving less than 12 inches of precipitation annually, and are formed when regional climate changes result in long-lasting drought conditions.

In Africa, the deserts are also characterised by warm to very hot daytime temperatures with cooler nights.

With this definition in mind, it’s generally accepted that there are nine unique deserts in Africa, though some of the larger deserts are sometimes split into regions, leading to more desert names. The list of deserts in the African continent below show these nine deserts in descending size order:

Sahara Desert

9.2 million km² in algeria, chad, egypt, eritrea, libya, mali, mauritania, morroco, niger, western sahara, sudan, and tunisia.

A camel caravan makes its way across the Sahara Desert – the largest desert in Africa

The Sahara is the largest desert in Africa, and the largest hot desert in the world – with summer temperatures reaching 122 °F (50 °C) – and stretching across 12 North African countries. The desert was created around 7 million years ago, as remnants of a vast sea called Tethys closed up .

The Sahara’s borders are the Atlas Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the transitional Sahel region to the south. The Sahara is not one huge, uniform desert, but is made up of many regions, each with their own rainfall levels, temperatures, plants, and wildlife. As such the Sahara is made up of varied terrain, including sand dunes, volcanic mountains, plains, stony plateaus, and, crucially, oases, which allowed trading routes to develop between North African ports and populations in sub-Saharan Africa.

Whilst must of the Sahara is barren, the desert supports a mix of wildlife including oryx , gazelles , deer, wild asses, baboons , hyenas , jackals , sand foxes, and mongooses .

Thinking of visiting the Sahara region? Check out these Sahara desert tour tips .

Kalahari Desert

930,000 km² in botswana, namibia and south africa.

A gazelle strolls through a sandstorm in the Kalahari Desert.

The semi-arid Kalahari Desert lies in the heart of southern Africa, covering much of Botswana , and parts of Namibia and South Africa . Some academics maintain that because parts of the Kalahari receive more than 10 inches of rain annually it’s not a true desert. It is this annual precipitation of 4 to 20 inches that allows the desert to support vegetation such as resilient grasses, thorny shrubs, and acacia trees.

Unique features of the Kalahari Desert are the prominent sand dunes and huge salt pans left behind by long ago dried up lakes. The Okavango River runs through the Kalahari, and other non-permanent water sources appear during the rainy season. Because of this access to water, the Kalahari is home to lions, brown hyenas, meerkats , antelopes, and a wide variety of birds and reptiles. Much of the desert is part of Botswana’s Central Kalahari National Park .

Karoo Desert

400,000 km² in south africa.

Epic views of South Africa’s colourful Karoo Desert

The Karoo is a semi-desert natural region of South Africa defined by its topography, geology, and climate – particularly its low rainfall of up to 10 inches annually and its extremes of heat and cold.

The Karoo is divided into two distinct regions – the Succulent Karoo Biome to the west, and the Nama Karoo Biome which covers much of South Africa’s southern interior plateau. The Succulent Karoo has the world’s richest flora of succulent plants, with an estimated 10,000 succulent species. Underground water is found across the Karoo, which has been tapped over the decades by settlers and allows Nama Karoo to be used for grazing by sheep and goats.

Danakil Desert

136,956 km² in djibouti, eritrea, and ethiopia.

Incredible multi-coloured salt formations in the Danakil Desert

The Danakil Desert is situated in the Afar Triangle, stretching across northeastern Ethiopia and the coast of southern Eritrea and northwestern Djibouti. The desert is one of the most extreme environments in the whole of Africa with lava lakes, volcanoes, hot springs, geysers, and some impressive multi-coloured salt lakes.

Less than one inch of rainfall is recorded each year, and the Danakil Desert is both one of the lowest and hottest places on earth, reaching soaring temperatures of up to 50°C/122°F.

Chalbi Desert

100,000 km² in kenya.

A camel takes in the views of Lake Turkana in the Chalbi Desert, Kenya

Located to the east of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, the Chalbi desert is one of the hottest and most arid places in Kenya . The name comes from the Gabbra dialect for ‘bare and salty’, which seems particularly appropriate given this vast bleached stretch of earth is an old river bed dotted with rocks and huge dried clay formations.

Namib Desert

81,000 km² in angola, namibia, and south africa.

Classic Dead Vlei scenery in the Namib Desert

The Namib Desert has some of the highest dunes on the planet at over 300 meters and is thought to be the world’s oldest desert at around 80 million years old. Stretching along the Atlantic coastal region of Southern Africa the desert covers parts of Angola, Namibia, and South Africa, and merges with the Kalahari Desert in the south.

The climate is extremely arid due to interactions between the dry Namib winds and the Atlantic’s Benguela current. It’s these forces that form dense fogs which provide the main water source for many of the desert’s plants and animals. The desert is home to Namibia’s largest conservation area – the epic Namib-Naukluft Park .

Guban Desert

Est 7000 km² in somalia.

Somalia’s coastal Guban Desert from the air.

The Guban Desert refers to the narrow ‘burnt land’ which runs to the easternmost tip of the Northern Somalian coast, between the cities of Zeila and Berbera.​ The hot, dry plain on the Gulf of Aden coast has a system of sandy seasonal watercourses, and sparse steppe vegetation.

Nyiri Desert

Est. 700 km² in kenya.

Views of the distant rocks in Kenya’s Nyiri Desert.

The Nyiri Desert, also known as the Nyika or Taru Desert, lies in southern Kenya between Amboseli , Tsavo West, and Nairobi National Parks.

The desert is in the rain-shadow region of Mount Kilimanjaro (Africa’s highest mountain) , contributing to the extremely low levels of rainfall. However, there are several large springs that support large mammals including elephant, giraffe , rhinoceros , lion , leopard , and kudu , and provide water for growths of small, thorny trees and some baobabs .

Grand Bara Desert

103 km² in djibouti.

Rock formations protruding in the Grand Bara Desert, Djibouti

The Grand Bara Desert in southern Djibouti is a dried-up lake bed, now made up of large sand flats interspersed with sparse desert grasses and shrubs. The desert is flat and infertile, with no bushes or trees, despite which several large species of mammals have adapted to live in the region, including dik-dik and oryx . The desert also plays host to the grueling annual 15 km Foreign Legion run.

Lompoul Desert

18 km² in senegal.

Sunset in the Lompoul Desert

The Lompoul desert is Africa’s smallest desert, lying in northwestern Senegal between Dakar and Saint-Louis. Easy access makes the desert a popular tourist destination with visitors there to admire the surrounding large orange sand dunes, reminiscent of the Sahara or Namib deserts.

Map of African desert locations

African desert faqs, what’s the largest desert in africa.

The Sahara is the largest desert in Africa, and the world’s largest hot desert – stretching across 12 countries and covering 9.2 million km² of North Africa.

How many deserts are there in Africa?

It’s generally accepted that there are nine unique deserts in Africa, though some of the larger deserts (like the Sahara and Kalahari deserts) are sometimes split into regions with separate names.

What deserts are in  South Africa?

There are three unique deserts in South Africa. The country is home to part of the Kalahari Desert and the Namib Desert, and all of the Karoo Desert.

And that’s our African deserts list complete. What are your thoughts – any information we’re missing? Or have you experienced any of these African deserts yourself? Let us know in the comments section below.

Beautiful!!!

Some experts, like those at World Atlas, do not separate the Kalahari from the Namibia, but consider the desert in Namibia to be part of the Kalahari.

Western Sahara desert is already Included in the MOROCCANS Desert; So you must stop these ignorance all over the “INTERNET” fanatics to mislead the uneducated “PEOPLE” around the WORLD all the time please.!!

Africa is the most beautiful continent on God’s earth, gorgeous animals, massive deserts and wonderful people.

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African Sahara

Your trip to Africa and world deserts

Uncovering the Fascinating Wildlife of the Sahara: A Look at the Animals that Call this Desert Home

The Sahara Desert, located in North Africa, is the largest hot desert in the world, covering an area of over 9 million square kilometers. Despite its harsh and arid conditions, the Sahara is home to a surprising array of wildlife. From majestic felines to elusive desert elephants, the Sahara offers a unique opportunity to explore and discover the rich biodiversity that exists within its vast expanse.

Exploring the wildlife of the Sahara is not only a thrilling adventure but also an important endeavor. By understanding and appreciating the unique species that call this desert home, we can better appreciate the delicate balance of ecosystems and work towards their conservation.

Key Takeaways

• The Sahara Desert is home to a rich and diverse array of wildlife, including majestic felines and elusive desert elephants.
• The African continent is a hub of biodiversity, with many unique adaptations of desert animals.
• Reptiles and amphibians also thrive in the Sahara, showcasing surprising diversity.
• Conservation efforts are crucial for protecting endangered species in the Sahara and preserving this unique ecosystem.
• Planning an African safari adventure to explore the Sahara’s wildlife requires careful preparation and consideration.

The Sahara: A Vast and Diverse Landscape

The Sahara Desert is characterized by its vast stretches of sand dunes, rocky plateaus, and dry riverbeds. It experiences extreme temperatures, with scorching hot days and freezing cold nights. Despite these challenging conditions, the Sahara is not a barren wasteland but rather a diverse landscape with distinct regions.

The northern part of the Sahara, known as the Saharan Atlas, is characterized by rugged mountains and deep valleys. The central part, known as the Ténéré Desert, is dominated by vast sand dunes that stretch as far as the eye can see. The southern part, known as the Sahel region, is a transition zone between the desert and the savannah, characterized by sparse vegetation and occasional rainfall.

The African Continent: A Hub of Biodiversity

Africa is known for its incredible biodiversity, with a wide range of ecosystems and habitats that support a diverse array of plant and animal species. This is due to a combination of factors such as its size, varied climate, and geological history.

The continent of Africa is home to several major biomes, including rainforests, savannahs, deserts, and wetlands. Each of these biomes supports a unique set of species that have adapted to their specific environment. From the lush jungles of the Congo Basin to the arid deserts of the Sahara, Africa offers a wealth of biodiversity waiting to be explored.

The Unique Adaptations of Desert Animals

Surviving in the harsh desert environment requires special adaptations, and the animals of the Sahara have evolved unique strategies to cope with the extreme conditions. One of the most common adaptations is the ability to conserve water. Many desert animals have developed efficient kidneys that allow them to reabsorb water from their urine, reducing water loss.

Another common adaptation is the ability to tolerate high temperatures. Some desert animals have evolved specialized cooling mechanisms, such as large ears or elongated limbs, which help them dissipate heat and regulate their body temperature.

The Majestic Felines of the Sahara

The Sahara is home to several species of felines, each with its own unique characteristics and behavior. One of the most iconic felines found in the Sahara is the African lion. These majestic creatures are known for their impressive manes and powerful roars. They are social animals that live in prides, consisting of a dominant male, several females, and their offspring.

Another feline species found in the Sahara is the cheetah. Known for its incredible speed and agility, the cheetah is the fastest land animal in the world. It has a slender body and long legs, which allow it to reach speeds of up to 70 miles per hour in short bursts.

The Elusive Desert Elephants

The Sahara is also home to a unique population of elephants that have adapted to survive in the desert environment. These desert elephants are smaller than their counterparts in other parts of Africa and have longer legs and larger feet, which help them navigate through sandy terrain.

Desert elephants have also developed specialized feeding strategies to cope with the scarcity of water and vegetation. They can go for long periods without drinking water, relying on the moisture they obtain from the plants they eat. They are also known to dig for water in dry riverbeds and use their trunks to suck up the water.

The Endangered Species of the Sahara

Unfortunately, many species in the Sahara are facing threats to their survival. Habitat loss, poaching, and climate change are some of the major challenges that these species face. As a result, several species in the Sahara are classified as endangered or critically endangered.

One such species is the Saharan cheetah, a subspecies of cheetah that is found only in the Sahara Desert. With a population estimated to be less than 250 individuals, the Saharan cheetah is one of the most endangered big cats in the world.

Conservation efforts are underway to protect these endangered species and their habitats. These efforts include establishing protected areas, implementing anti-poaching measures, and raising awareness about the importance of conservation.

The Surprising Diversity of Reptiles and Amphibians

The Sahara is not only home to mammals but also a surprising diversity of reptiles and amphibians. These cold-blooded creatures have adapted to survive in the extreme temperatures and arid conditions of the desert.

One of the most iconic reptiles found in the Sahara is the desert monitor lizard. This large lizard has a long tail, sharp claws, and a forked tongue. It is well adapted to life in the desert, with its ability to dig burrows and regulate its body temperature.

Amphibians are less common in the Sahara due to its arid conditions, but there are still a few species that have managed to survive. One such species is the African bullfrog, which can bury itself underground and remain dormant for long periods during dry spells.

The Importance of Conservation Efforts in the Sahara

Conservation efforts are crucial in the Sahara to protect the unique biodiversity that exists within its borders. By conserving the habitats of these species, we can ensure their survival and maintain the delicate balance of ecosystems.

One of the key conservation efforts in the Sahara is the establishment of protected areas. These areas serve as sanctuaries for wildlife, providing them with a safe haven where they can thrive without human interference.

Another important aspect of conservation in the Sahara is raising awareness about the importance of protecting these species and their habitats. Education and outreach programs play a vital role in engaging local communities and encouraging them to become stewards of their natural environment.

Planning Your African Safari Adventure: Tips for Exploring the Sahara’s Wildlife

If you’re planning to explore the wildlife of the Sahara, there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, it’s important to choose a reputable tour operator that specializes in desert safaris. They will have experienced guides who can navigate the desert safely and provide you with valuable insights into the wildlife you encounter.

When packing for your safari, it’s essential to bring appropriate clothing and gear. The desert can be extremely hot during the day and cold at night, so it’s important to dress in layers and bring a hat, sunscreen, and sunglasses to protect yourself from the sun.

There are several types of safari experiences available in the Sahara, ranging from self-drive tours to guided walking safaris. It’s important to choose an experience that suits your preferences and comfort level. Whether you choose to explore the desert on foot or from the comfort of a 4×4 vehicle, a safari in the Sahara is sure to be an unforgettable adventure.

If you’re interested in learning more about the fascinating animals that inhabit the Sahara Desert, check out this article on the website: Desert’s Ecology: How Mammals Survive . It delves into the unique adaptations and survival strategies of mammals in this harsh environment. From the agile springbok to the elusive desert fox, you’ll discover how these animals have evolved to thrive in one of the world’s most challenging habitats.

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Animal Sake

An Exhaustive List of the Animals in the Sahara Desert

The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world and the third largest desert (area wise) falling right after Antarctica and the Arctic. The climatic and geographical conditions makes it one of the very harsh and inhabitable regions on the planet.

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Life in the Sahara desert must be tough. It is a huge desert, hot and dry during the day, while the nights are cold and windy. There is no sign of food or drinking water for miles together. Only sand and more sand, as far as the eye can see.

In such a difficult terrain live animals that boggle our minds with the sheer temerity they show in the face of harsh conditions. These animals are an inspiration to even the most cynical of human beings.

Animals of the Sahara Desert

The animals that currently inhabit the Sahara desert are some of the oldest species in the world. Of course, most of them have undergone some level of adaptation so that they are able to survive in the harsh desert. As such, compared to animals in the other parts of the world, obviously their diet and way of living also differs.

Addax Antelope

The Addax Antelope are flat-footed antelopes that can easily traverse the sandy landscape of the Sahara. Umfortunately, this antelope is on the way to extinction. Reasons for this include heavy poaching for their meat and leather, along with deteriorating habitat due to human encroachment and global warming. They are rather slow because of their size and their flat hooves, making it all the more difficult for them to run from predators.

Dromedary Camel

When one thinks of a desert, the first thing that comes to the mind is a camel. The Dromedary camel, which is said to be of Arabian origin, is the main Saharan camel. The interesting thing about these camels is that they store fat in their humps, and not water. They can drink up to 100 liters of water in 10 minutes flat. They make great domesticated animal in the Saharas’, as they have great strength, endurance, and can go without water and food for a very long time.

Dorcas Gazelle

It is the most common species of gazelle, and stands up to 65 cm tall, and weighs around 50 lbs. It is also known as the Ariel Gazelle. Its diet consists of leaves from trees and bushes. An interesting fact about the Dorcas gazelle is its use of ‘stotting’, which is an impulse jump it makes when a predator closes in. It does this to demotivate the predator by showing off its fitness. The dorcas gazelle is considered near threatened and vulnerable. It is known to reach swift running speeds.

Dung Beetle

It can be quite fascinating as to what one bug can do with a pile of crap, literally. A species of beetles that feeds entirely off animal waste. There are essentially three types of dung beetles – the ones that roll the poop, the ones that dig burrows, and the ones that are kind of lazy and just live in the dung. It is mostly the male that does all the dung hauling, while the female will dig the burrow and stay inside.

Horned Viper

Sand Vipers can grow up to 50 cm in length. They venture only during the night, and usually bury themselves in the sand during the day. Its venom will cause tissue damage, destroy red blood cells and is hemotoxic. The horned viper is now an endangered species, due to a constantly degrading environment. It is not truly known why they have horns on top of their eyes. Speculations are – the horns are for protection for the eyes against the sand, camouflage or navigation through the sand.

Monitor Lizard

The monitor lizard is a highly venomous reptile. The interesting thing is that they are cold-blooded, which means the surrounding temperature has a direct impact on what they do. They thrive in the warmth, and practically shut down in the cold. Due to this, they have a rather developed fight or flight mechanism, which makes them very aggressive in colder weather. Their diet mostly includes smaller animals like rats, or any other mammals or insects that they can find.

Deathstalker Scorpion

It’s pretty obvious that a creature called ‘deathstalker’ would be quite dangerous. The thing about scorpions is they have two ways to use their pincers. The ones with large, strong pincers use them to hurt their opponent (like using direct brute force). But the ones with the tiny, weak little pincers are actually the deadly ones. The deathstalker has a particularly small pincer with an ominous dark (almost black) tip.

It won’t really kill a healthy adult with its barrage of neurotoxins (but can cause serious pain), but it can manage to kill children and the elderly, which enforces all to be careful around them. They are often sold or traded off as exotic pets, which again is a very dangerous thing, should a deathstalker come into the hands of an inexperienced person.

Ostrich in a desert

Famous due to the irony of being a ‘flightless’ bird, the ostrich compensates its inability to fly by, being one of the fastest land animals. An ostrich can run at an average of 40 miles per hour. Ostriches are the largest birds in the world (and they lay extraordinarily large eggs!), and different breeds of ostriches are found in various parts of the Sahara desert. Their hooves are cloven with only two toes, which makes it very easy for them to travel long distances.

Their legs are intensely strong, and they use them to kick out at predators, when in danger. On top of that, they have excellent eyesight and hearing abilities, which become their prime defensive mechanism. They rarely stray away from watering holes, and often act as guards to nearby grazing herds. They feed mostly on grass and bushes, sometimes also turning to small animals.

African Wild Dog

These dogs have a well-earned reputation as one of the most tenacious predators. Unlike big cats, these hunters are built for stamina. They chase their prey who are even faster than themselves, over long distances, eventually tiring them out, and deliver the knockout punch via the effective-but-gruesome method of disembowelment. This method has made wild dogs one of the most successful predators in the world.

Wild dogs are more populous in the Southern Savannahs and scrublands, but isolated packs are also found in central and southern Sahara. Compared to an average success rate of 30% when lion prides go hunting, wild dogs bag a kill more than 80% (more than 90% in the fertile plains of the Serengeti) of their hunts. They are also known for their strong herd instinct; after a kill, they make sure that their old and ailing, and puppies are well-fed.

Saharan Cheetah

These desert relatives of the cheetah are now staring into the abyss of extinction. Less than 250 adults survive today, mostly in Central and Western Sahara, and the Sudanian Savanna. In contrast to other cheetahs, this subspecies is a bit smaller, and has very faintly-colored coats, which are also shorter than their counterparts. Spots on the coat are centered around the back, are quite faint, and may be absent.

This subspecies hunts more in the dark than regular cheetahs, one of their many behavioral adaptations to survive the harsh climate of the largest desert in the world. Another important adaptation is that they can sustain for much longer periods of time without water, which they draw from the blood of their prey.

Since the name of this species comes from the Arabic word for fox – fanak – the name of this animal actually means ‘fox’. The fennec fox is the smallest canid (members of the dog family, including wolves, jackals and other foxes) in the world. Like the rhim gazelle, the coats of fennec foxes are very pale, helping them reflect most of the sunlight that falls on them.

Their kidneys are also adapted for deserts. They are designed to minimize water loss from their body. In addition to its naturally strong sense of smell, the fennec fox relies more on its unbelievable hearing. Its ears are so sensitive that it can track its underground prey by sound! They can even climb trees to get to young birds and eggs, if the tree has low-lying branches.

A member of the rodent family, the jerboa is able to withstand the extremely harsh conditions of the Sahara desert. Its main defense is its amazing ability to jump and run off, all at an average speed of around 16 miles per hour. This is how it becomes a hard-catch for its predators. Its diet mostly consists of desert plants, insects, and seeds, and these are things from which it gets all its hydration, which is why it does not actually have to drink much water.

Anubis Baboon

These baboons are found in many parts of Africa, but also to be seen in the mountainous regions of the Sahara desert. The coat of this baboon seems grayish-green from a distance, but on a closer observation, it can be seen that it has a multicolored coat. The males are distinctively bigger than the females, with a bigger mane too. The Anubis baboon survives well because of its diversified diet, which includes plants, birds, and even small mammals.

Nubian Bustard

A sub-species of the bustard family, the Nubian Bustard male birds are quite bigger as compared to the females. They weigh over 10 lbs, while the females average just around 6 lbs. The males are around 30 inches in length, while the females are around 25 inches or so. They mainly feed on insects, but in times of need, would also suffice their hunger with seeds other such food. Due to habitat loss, their numbers have dwindled, and they are considered to be near-threatened.

Desert Hedgehog

This desert hedgehog is a very small type of hedgehog, with an average weight of just 10 to 15 ounces. When threatened by a predator, it goes all tight and pulls its skin all over its body, resulting in its spikes sticking out in all directions. Its diet consists mainly of insects, but it can also eat eggs and vegetation for its survival.

Slender Mongoose

The slender mongoose is also known as the black-tailed mongoose, due to the fact that the tip of its tail is black. It basically feeds on insects, but its diet also includes lizards, rodents, snakes, and birds. It can also kill and eat a venomous snake, but it does so only when threatened. It is also very good at climbing trees as compared to a normal mongoose, which is why birds are quite a favorite in its diet.

Spotted Hyena

The spotted hyena is also known by the names of ‘laughing hyena’ and tiger wolf’. This species is not endangered as yet, but its numbers are declining rapidly due to poaching and habitat loss. As compared to most other hyenas with stripes, this type has spots, but the color of its fur changes quite a lot with passing age. Even though hyenas are known to be scavengers, the spotted hyena mostly hunts down its own prey, and this is the main reason for its high survival rate.

Looking at the Sahara desert and its hostile climate, it is hard to imagine how these animals stay there. But somehow, over time, they have evolved and adapted to this place, where everyday is a race – a race for precious water, food, and survival.

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In The Park

Dubai Safari Park is home to around 3,000 animals, with 78 species of mammals – including 10 different carnivores and 17 primates – 50 types of reptiles, 111 kinds of birds plus amphibians and invertebrates, all living on the 119-hectare site.

African Village

Encompassing animals from the vast continent of Africa, African Village gives visitors a true taste of Africa, housing some of the world’s largest and smallest land mammals, from the African elephant to the meerkat.

Arabian Desert Safari

Arabian Desert Safari is a drive-through attraction, inspired by the vast deserts of Western Asia. Adorned with emblematic species of the Arabian Peninsula, this adventure brings the historic nomadic desert of the Arabian Peninsula to life.

Asian Village

Influenced by the ornate architecture that the Asian continent boasts, the Asian Village exemplifies the diverse culture of Asia. Brimming with a huge variety of exciting wildlife, this village is packed with animals who live everywhere, from intrepid forest to pristine ponds.

Explorer Village

The main attraction of the Dubai Safari is the Safari Village drive through. Here our guests are taken on a journey of discovery through Africa and then Asia in one of our comfortable buses.

Experiences

Get up close to some of your favorite animals and learn about Dubai Safari Park’s extensive research, conservation, and wildlife protection programs.

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• Animals That Kill the Most Humans

Arguably, the most popular destination for enthusiasts to go on a safari is Africa, notably Kenya and East Africa, due to the fauna the continent is home to. For instance, the “Big 5” was a designation given to five animals by hunters due to the difficulty involved in hunting them. However, nowadays, these animals are the species everyone wishes to see the most on a safari. They are the African elephant , the African lion , the black rhino, the Cape buffalo , and the leopard.

List of Safari Animals

• African Brush-tailed Porcupine
• African Elephant
• African Lion
• African Wild Dog
• Bat-eared Fox
• Black Rhino
• Black Wildebeest
• Black-backed Jackal
• Blue Wildebeest
• Brown Hyena
• Cape Buffalo
• Cape Mountain Leopard
• Common Warthog
• Desert Warthog
• Elephant Shrew
• Ethiopian Wolf
• Giant Pangolin
• Grévy’s Zebra
• Ground Pangolin
• Hippopotamus
• Honey Badger
• Long-tailed Pangolin
• Mountain Gorilla
• Mountain Zebra
• Northern Giraffe
• Plains Zebra
• Riverine Rabbit
• Rothschild’s Giraffe
• Side-striped Jackal
• Spotted Hyena
• Striped Hyena
• Thomson’s Gazelle
• Tree Pangolin
• White Rhino
• African Grey Hornbill
• African Penguin
• Cape Glossy Starling
• Cape Vulture
• Egyptian Vulture
• Grey Crown Crane
• Helmeted Guinea-fowl
• Kori Bustard
• Lesser Flamingo
• Lilac-Breasted Roller
• Malachite Kingfisher
• Marabou Stork
• Masai Ostrich
• Red-billed Buffalo Weaver
• Rüppell’s Vulture
• Saddle Billed Stork
• Secretary Bird
• Southern Masked Weaver Bird
• White-backed Vulture
• White-billed Buffalo Weaver
• White-headed Vulture
• Agama Lizard
• Leopard Tortoise
• Nile Crocodile

Some of the best countries that offer safaris are Kenya, Namibia, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

While the animals are wild and, therefore, can exhibit unpredictable behavior, a guide will be present to provide protection and keep them safe.

Not at all. In fact, they prevent poaching by incentivizing locals to protect endangered species due to the money provided by these safaris.

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The desert communities of Algeria make a home in the Sahara sand seas

Covering around 800,000 square miles, Algeria’s share of the Sahara takes up over 80% of the country — the volcanic peaks, canyons and vast sand seas form a striking backdrop to oasis cities and unique North African cultures.

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Jun 7, 2024

19 animals that can easily survive the heatwave and even warmer temperatures

Animals of the desert.

While humans are scorching in the current heatwave and coolers and AC’s are the only relief, there are some beings that have been easily enduring the heat waves of 50 degree celsius and above for ages. Here we list some of them.

Camels are the classic desert animals who are known for their ability to survive in extreme heat and dehydration. Their thick fur insulates them from the sun's heat.

​Fennec fox

These small foxes live in the Sahara Desert and are now well-adapted to hot climates. Their large ears help even out the heat, and their pale fur reflects sunlight. Also, Fennec foxes remain active during the night, which saves them from morning sun.

​Kangaroo rats

Native to North American deserts, kangaroo rats can live without drinking water. They get moisture from the seeds they eat and have highly efficient kidneys that conserve water.

Found in southern African deserts, meerkats are well-adapted to heatwaves and warm environments. They live in burrows to escape the heat and are active during the cooler parts of the day.

​Gila monsters

Gila monsters are giant lizards who can easily live in very high temperatures. They have very strong bites and a slow metabolism. These giant lizards also spend much of their time in burrows to avoid the midday heat.

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Dromedary are one-humped camels, and are even better adapted to hot climates. They can live in long periods of heat waves without water.

Addax antelopes

An animal native to the Sahara Desert, addaxes have light-colored coats that reflect sunlight. They can survive without water for long periods by obtaining moisture from their food and are mostly active at night and rest during the day.

Thorny devils

Another giant and thorny lizard from the deserts is ‘Thorny devils’. These lizards can absorb water through their skin by collecting dew and channeling it to their mouths. Their spiny skin also helps in reflecting heat.

Saharan silver ants

These ants are some of the most heat-tolerant animals on the planet. They can forage during the hottest part of the day when temperatures exceed 50 degree celsius and their long legs keep their bodies above the hot ground.

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What Exactly Is the Eye of the Sahara, aka the Richat Structure?

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In the western Sahara Desert lies a natural wonder that has intrigued scientists and adventurers for centuries. Known as the Richat Structure — or, more commonly, the Eye of the Sahara — this massive geological formation resembles a giant eye.

Consisting of a series of rings on the Adrar Plateau, a prominent feature in northwestern Mauritania, the structure measures 31 miles (50 km) in diameter, making it highly visible even from high above Earth . In the local dialect of Arabic, the people refer to it as "Guelb er Richât," meaning "the eye of the Richat."

But what created the Eye of the Sahara, and what purpose does it serve today? Let's delve deeper into these mysteries to shed light on the ancient structure.

What Created the Eye of the Sahara?

Composition of the eye of the sahara, scientific significance of the eye of the sahara.

At first glance, the Richat Structure resembles a giant bullseye, with its concentric rings and circular ridges. This distinctive circular shape sparked various early theories about its formation, with one theory even being that it was the site of the lost city of Atlantis .

Although some experts initially thought the Eye of the Sahara to be an enormous impact crater, subsequent studies proved the geologic curiosity had a more complex origin involving terrestrial processes.

Thanks to modern geological research, including satellite imagery provided by organizations like the NASA Earth Observatory, scientists now know it to be an uplifted geologic dome, characterized by layers of sedimentary rocks that have been exposed over millions of years by wind and water erosion.

The formation's concentric rings are primarily composed of sedimentary rocks, including sandstone and limestone. The outer ring of the structure is composed of harder, more resistant rock layers, while the innermost depressions consist of softer rock layers that have eroded more rapidly over time.

These sedimentary layers offer a glimpse into the Earth's past, recording millions of years of geological history. As hard as it may be to imagine moisture in the Sahara Desert , the circular ridges of the Richat Structure have helped scientists study both wet and dry periods in the area's history.

The Eye of Sahara features an underlying alkaline igneous complex, including igneous rocks called gabbroic rocks, which form as a result of magmatic activity and hydrothermal alteration.

That's a fancy way of saying that the Earth's material became so hot it turned into magma, or liquid rock, and then forced itself into the surrounding rocks, slowly cooling into a crystalline structure.

Erosion, both by wind and water, has also helped to sculpt the Richat Structure into its present form, exposing different rock types and creating its concentric layers and circular shape. Differential erosion rates between the softer and more resistant layers have further contributed to the striking appearance of the formation today.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the Richat Structure is its resemblance to an enormous eye when you view it from space. This unique feature has captured the attention of scientists and astronauts alike. The Gemini astronauts captured images on the Gemini IV mission, and astronauts on the International Space Station have photographed the Eye of the Sahara too.

The Richat Structure's geological significance extends beyond its visual appeal. It provides valuable insights into Earth's geological processes, including the effects of tectonic forces, erosion and magmatic activity. Additionally, the presence of sedimentary layers has yielded evidence of past environments and possibly even early human activity.

Some researchers speculate that the Richat Structure may have been inhabited by early hominids such as Homo erectus or Homo heidelbergensis. They've found evidence of stone tool manufacturing, including Acheulean tools (such as hand axes), in the surrounding landscape, suggesting that early people might have used this area of the Sahara Desert for short-term hunting or habitation.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.

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11 of the Cutest Animals — And Why Humans Love Them

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What makes an animal cute? In a 2016 article published in "Trends in Cognitive Sciences," researchers found that cuteness plays an important role in the infant-caregiver relationship. The world's cutest animals have features that tug on their parents' heartstrings (and increase their brain activity).

Animals with traits similar to human babies — such as big heads, big eyes, soft skin (or fur) and a pleasant smell — can trigger some of the same emotions we feel in the presence of a human infant.

• African Pygmy Hedgehog
• Siberian Flying Squirrel
• Pygmy Marmoset

1. Red Panda

The red panda ( Ailurus fulgens ) is a small mammal with all the traits humans find adorable: a big forehead, round eyes, small mouth, a boop-able nose and thick red fur. (Its reddish coloring is distinctive but doesn't necessarily make it cuter — humans are drawn to anything soft-looking, including fluffy fur.)

With an average length of 22 to 25 inches (56 to 63 centimeters), these adorable animals are about the size of a domestic cat. Unlike cats, red pandas will stand on their hind legs when threatened, giving them a bear-like appearance.

The red panda lives in the same high-altitude bamboo forests as the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca ), but the two species are not closely related. Giant pandas — cute animals in their own right — are members of the bear family (Ursidae); red pandas are not.

Sadly, red pandas are endangered . "Grazing pressure and the unsustainable harvest of forest resources have placed tremendous pressure on red pandas," Saroj Shrestha, former program coordinator for the Red Panda Network in Nepal, told HowStuffWorks.

2. African Pygmy Hedgehog

Its exterior may be prickly, but its round eyes and the way it curls up into a little ball makes the hedgehog a certifiably cute animal — so cute that some people keep hedgehogs as pets .

The African pygmy hedgehog ( Atelerix albiventris ), also known as the four-toed hedgehog, is the species most commonly kept as a pet. Native to central and eastern Africa, ole "four toes" is the smallest species of hedgehog, measuring just 7 to 9 inches (18 to 23 centimeters) long.

Four-toed hedgehogs can be domesticated, but this small animal is illegal in some states and might not be the best option if you're looking for a cuddly creature to bring home.

"Many are not the biggest fans of being cuddled and prefer to explore their surroundings on their own," Atlanta-based veterinarian Sydney Brehm told HowStuffWorks.

3. Siberian Flying Squirrel

Don't think squirrels are cute? Wait until you see the Siberian flying squirrel ( Pteromys volans ). This little ball of gray-and-white fur has huge eyes, a tiny nose and mouth and chipmunk-like cheeks. (FYI: A chipmunk is a type of squirrel .)

Siberian squirrels don't just live in Russia — you can find them in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Mongolia, Japan and Korea. They are adapted to cold climates and prefer spruce forests.

A subspecies known as the Ezo flying squirrel has become somewhat of a tourist attraction in Hokkaido, Japan, where they are a protected species.

4. Wild Cats

Cats are so cute that humans have kept them as pets for thousands of years. When it comes to wild cats, many start out as adorable kittens, then grow into intimidatingly large adults. Some wild cats, however, stay small for life, keeping their cuteness factor.

Some of the smallest wild cats are:

Rusty-spotted Cat

Prionailurus rubiginosus is even smaller than a domestic cat, with a body just 13 to 19 inches (35 to 48 centimeters) long, a height of 8 inches (20 centimeters) and a weight of 2.2 to 3.5 pounds (1 to 1.6 kilograms).

It may be cute, but the rusty-spotted cat is a formidable hunter. The species feeds primarily on small rodents, but this tiny creature has been known to attack gazelles.

Felis margarita is adorable not just because of its tiny stature (18 to 22.5 inches or 45 to 57 centimeters long and 3 to 7.5 pounds or 1 to 3.5 kilograms in weight), but its wide face and huge eyes, which give the sand cat that "baby face" look. And let's not forget its velvety fur!

Sand cats live in some of the world's driest climates: the Sahara Desert, Arabian Peninsula and parts of Central Asia.

Leopardus guigna , also known as the guiña, is the smallest cat in all of Central and South America. It lives in Argentina and Chile and looks like a tiny leopard. These little animals are just 14.5 to 22 inches (37 to 56 centimeters) long and weigh 3.3 to 6.6 pounds (1.5 to 3 kilograms).

Black-footed Cat

Felis nigripes of Southern Africa is the continent's smallest feline , standing 8 inches (20 centimeters) tall, 14 to 20 inches (36 to 52 centimeters) long and weighing 2.2 to 5.5 pounds (1 to 2.5 kilograms). According to local legend, black-footed cats can take down a giraffe.

5. Pygmy Marmoset

Baby primates look more like baby humans than any other animal, so it makes sense that we'd find them adorable. The pygmy marmoset (genus Cebuella ), also known as the pocket monkey, dwarf monkey or finger monkey, is an especially cute specimen.

There are two species of pygmy marmosets ( C. pygmaea and C. niveiventris ) in South America, both roughly 6 inches (14 centimeters) in length — about the size of a human hand — and just 1.3 pounds (600 grams), making the pygmy marmoset the world's smallest monkey.

6. Sea Otter

Sea otters ( Enhydra lutris nereis ) might just be the world's cutest marine mammals. They're in the same family as weasels but live their entire lives in the Pacific Ocean. Their thick fur, fluffy paws and round, mischievous faces make sea otters some of the most adorable animals in the ocean.

These cuddly animals hold each other's paws when they sleep, and babies often hitch a ride on their mothers. They're also incredibly playful.

7. Fennec Fox

Foxes are some of the cutest wild animals around. They're in the dog family, so they resemble man's best friend, but foxes are smaller and less intimidating than wolves or coyotes.

The fennec fox ( Vulpes zerda ) is one particularly adorable species. This small fox uses its huge ears (about 6 inches or 15 centimeters long) to shed heat in the hot climates of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, where fennec foxes live.

Despite its enormous ears, the fennec fox is actually the smallest species of fox, clocking in at a body length of just 14 to 16 inches (36 to 41 centimeters) and weight of 3.3 pounds (1.5 kilograms), about the size of a small Chihuahua.

If you think big ears are cute, check out the bat-eared fox of Eastern and Southern Africa, whose ears are almost as large as a fennec's.

8. Bush Baby

These adorable creatures are so cute, we humans decided that their common name should have the word "baby" in it. The bush baby (family Galagidae) is a small, fluffy primate found in the rainforests, savannas and shrublands of Sub-Saharan Africa.

The smallest bush baby species — there are over 20 — weighs just 2.5 ounces (70 grams), and the largest is 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms). These little creatures have humongous eyes, which help them see at night and make them incredibly cute to humans.

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All 54 African Countries, Including Disputed Territories

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The African continent is home to a remarkable array of cultures, landscapes and histories. This vast land comprises 54 recognized African countries , each with its own distinct identity. Here, we'll explore the countries of Africa, divided into the key regions: North Africa, West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa.

This list includes countries with special sovereignty statuses and disputed areas. Additionally, dependent territories and other territories with unique construction and administrative statuses are considered in this comprehensive list.

Let's delve into the beauty and diversity of African countries and learn a little bit about each one.

5 Countries in North Africa

6 countries in west africa, 6 countries in central africa, 6 countries in east africa, 9 countries in southern africa, 22 additional african countries.

Algeria, the largest country on the African continent , boasts vast desert landscapes and a significant Mediterranean coastline. Its capital, Algiers, is famous for its Ottoman landmarks and vibrant culture.

Egypt, home to the iconic pyramids and the Nile River, is steeped in history and mystery. It's also the richest country by GDP on the continent. Cairo, the capital, hosts the famous Egyptian Museum, which houses countless artifacts from ancient times.

Despite its tumultuous recent history, Libya is known for its archaeological treasures and vast desert landscapes. The ancient ruins of Leptis Magna are among the best-preserved Roman sites in the world.

Morocco, known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning architecture, is a gateway between Europe and Africa. The country's bustling markets and historical sites like the ancient city of Fez attract millions of visitors annually.

Tunisia is famous for its well-preserved Roman ruins and Mediterranean beaches. The ancient city of Carthage and the bustling medina of Tunis highlight the country's historical significance.

Gambia, the smallest country on the African mainland, is known for its diverse ecosystems along the Gambia River. The country's beautiful beaches and wildlife attract many tourists.

Ghana is known for its rich history, with landmarks like the Cape Coast Castle. The country is also celebrated for its vibrant festivals and welcoming people.

3. Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast is renowned for its cocoa production and beautiful beaches. Abidjan, the economic capital, is a hub of French-speaking West African culture and business.

Mali, home to the legendary city of Timbuktu, has a rich history as a center of learning and trade in ancient Africa. It's also the hottest country in the world .

Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, is a cultural powerhouse with a booming entertainment industry, often referred to as Nollywood. Lagos, its largest city, is a major financial center on the continent.

Senegal is famous for its music, dance and the historic island of Gorée, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Dakar, the capital, is known for its lively arts scene and vibrant nightlife.

Angola, with its oil-rich economy, is also known for its vibrant culture and history. The capital city, Luanda, is one of the most expensive cities in the world.

2. Cameroon

Cameroon is known as "Africa in Miniature" because of its vast variety of landscapes, cultures and languages. From beaches to mountains, it offers a snapshot of the entire continent's geography.

3. Central African Republic

Despite political instability, the Central African Republic boasts incredible natural beauty, including the Dzanga-Sangha National Park, known for its wildlife and rainforests.

Chad is home to the stunning Lake Chad and the Sahara Desert. The country's diverse ethnic groups and rich history make it a fascinating place to explore.

5. Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Democratic Republic of the Congo, often referred to as the DRC, is a country rich in natural resources and biodiversity. Its vast rainforests and river systems make it a crucial part of the African ecological landscape.

Gabon is renowned for its extensive network of national parks, which protect its diverse wildlife and rainforests. The country is also a major oil producer in Central Africa.

1. Ethiopia

Ethiopia, with its ancient history and diverse cultures, is home to the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela and the source of the Blue Nile.

Kenya is famous for its savannas teeming with wildlife, including the Big Five. Nairobi, the capital, is a regional hub for business and culture.

Rwanda, the "Land of a Thousand Hills," is noted for its remarkable recovery from the 1994 genocide and its conservation efforts, particularly for mountain gorillas.

Somalia, located on the Horn of Africa, has a rich cultural heritage despite its recent history of conflict. The country's coastline is one of the longest in Africa.

5. Tanzania

Tanzania is home to Mount Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa, and the Serengeti National Park, renowned for its annual wildebeest migration.

Uganda, known as the "Pearl of Africa," offers stunning landscapes and wildlife, including mountain gorillas in the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest.

Angola, rich in oil and diamonds, is also known for its diverse cultures and landscapes. The capital, Luanda, is one of Africa's major port cities.

2. Botswana

Botswana is renowned for its high-end safari tourism, particularly in the Okavango Delta, one of the world's largest inland deltas.

Malawi, known as the "Warm Heart of Africa," is famous for its friendly people and beautiful Lake Malawi, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

4. Mauritius

Mauritius, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is renowned for its stunning beaches, luxury resorts and diverse cultural influences.

5. Mozambique

Mozambique boasts a long Indian Ocean coastline with beautiful beaches and vibrant coral reefs, making it a popular destination for diving and snorkeling.

Namibia is known for its stunning desert landscapes, including the Namib Desert and Etosha National Park, a haven for wildlife.

7. South Africa

South Africa, known for its diverse cultures and landscapes, is a top tourist destination. Cape Town, Johannesburg and the Kruger National Park are major attractions.

Zambia is home to Victoria Falls and offers incredible wildlife experiences in parks like South Luangwa National Park. Zambia and Zimbabwe are also the only two countries that start with "z" — not just in Africa, but on the entire planet.

9. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is famous for Victoria Falls, one of the largest and most spectacular waterfalls in the world, and its rich archaeological heritage, including the Great Zimbabwe ruins.

Benin is famous for its historical significance as the birthplace of the Vodun (Voodoo) religion and the Kingdom of Dahomey. The country also boasts beautiful landscapes and wildlife.

2. Burkina Faso

Burkina Faso, with its rich tradition of music and art, is known for its vibrant cultural festivals. The capital, Ouagadougou, is a hub of West African cinema and culture.

Burundi, despite being one of the smallest countries in Africa, is known for its vibrant culture and scenic landscapes, including Lake Tanganyika.

4. Cape Verde

Cape Verde, an island nation in the Atlantic Ocean, is known for its Creole Portuguese-African culture, beautiful beaches, and vibrant music scene.

Comoros, an island nation in the Indian Ocean, is known for its diverse marine life and beautiful beaches. The archipelago's unique culture reflects African, Arabic, and French influences.

6. Djibouti

Djibouti, strategically located near the Red Sea, is known for its volcanic formations and salt lakes. The country plays a significant role in international maritime trade.

7. Equatorial Guinea

Equatorial Guinea, one of the richest countries in Africa due to its oil reserves, is known for its unique cultural blend and biodiversity, including the Monte Alen National Park.

Eritrea, located on the Red Sea, boasts a rich history and a blend of cultural influences. Its capital, Asmara, is known for its Italian colonial architecture.

9. Eswatini

The kingdom of Eswatini, one of Africa's last absolute monarchies, is famous for its traditional Swazi culture and beautiful landscapes, including the Hlane Royal National Park. Formally known as Swaziland, it's one of several countries that have changed their names .

Guinea, with its lush landscapes and vibrant cultures, is home to the Fouta Djallon highlands and the Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

11. Guinea-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau, known for its national parks and wildlife, is a small West African country with a rich cultural heritage and Portuguese influence.

12. Lesotho

Lesotho, a high-altitude, landlocked kingdom surrounded by South Africa, is known for its mountainous terrain and rich Basotho culture.

13. Liberia

Liberia, founded by freed Americans who had previously been enslaved, has a unique history and culture. The country is known for its beautiful coastline and rainforests.

14. Mauritania

Mauritania, largely covered by the Sahara Desert, is known for its ancient cities and rich history. The Banc d'Arguin National Park is a UNESCO World Heritage site famous for its birdlife.

Niger, largely covered by the Sahara Desert, is known for its ancient trade routes and the Agadez Mosque. The Niger River is a lifeline for the country.

16. Sao Tome and Principe

Sao Tome and Principe, an island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, is known for its lush rainforests and cocoa production. The islands offer a peaceful retreat with rich biodiversity.

17. Seychelles

Seychelles, a tropical paradise in the Indian Ocean, is famous for its pristine beaches, coral reefs, and nature reserves. The islands are a popular destination for honeymooners.

18. Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone is known for its diamond mines and role in the transatlantic slave trade. The capital, Freetown, holds a deep historical significance.

19. South Sudan

South Sudan, the world's newest country, gained independence from Sudan in 2011. Despite ongoing conflicts, it is home to vast wetlands and diverse wildlife.

Sudan, with its ancient pyramids of Meroë and vast deserts, has a rich history that is often overlooked. The Nile River also plays a crucial role in its agriculture and daily life.

Togo, a small West African country, is known for its palm-lined beaches and hilltop villages. The capital, Lomé, is a vibrant city with a lively market and cultural scene.

22. Western Sahara (Disputed Territory)

Western Sahara, a disputed territory in North Africa, is known for its desert landscapes and rich phosphate deposits. The region's status remains unresolved, with ongoing conflicts over its sovereignty.

We created this article in conjunction with AI technology, then made sure it was fact-checked and edited by a HowStuffWorks editor.

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Bear vs tiger: Watch 2 of nature's heavyweights face off in the wild in India

Visitors at a tiger reserve in India recently filmed an encounter between a tigress and a bear, with the bear charging after the tigress but deciding at the last minute it was not worth the fight.

Visitors at a nature reserve in India recently witnessed an incredibly rare sight, when a bear and a tigress confronted each other in a standoff that very nearly broke into a fight.

The scene unfolded in April at Pilibhit Tiger Reserve, a protected area in India's northern Uttar Pradesh state. Visitors on a safari filmed the encounter and posted a video to the social platform X April 30. The video shows a tigress ( Panthera tigris ) sauntering down a dirt road and then stopping in her tracks when a bear , which appears to be a sloth bear ( Melursus ursinus ), emerges from the trees ahead. 

A rarest of rare sight of a bear charging towards a tigress, captured today at Pilibhit Tiger Reserve- A CATS( Conservation Assured Tiger Standards) habitat developed assiduously by UP Forest Department. Pl don’t miss the calm and composure of Big Cat even in face of attack &… pic.twitter.com/jU48UWpTqJ April 30, 2024

The bear wanders across the road and disappears behind long grass as the tigress watches. Moments later, as the tigress strolls on, the bear reappears and chases after her.

"A rarest of rare sight of a bear charging toward a tigress, captured today at Pilibhit Tiger Reserve," Rajiv Kumar Gupta , a retired government official with the Indian Administration Service who witnessed the encounter, wrote in the post.

In the video, the tigress whips around when she hears the bear charging after her, but she does not attack and instead stands her ground. After a few seconds of the two predators facing off, the bear retreats back into the trees.

Related: Huge cheetah that roamed China 1 million years ago would have stood face to face with a tiger

"Apex predators usually have a mutual respect for each other especially if they are of a similar size," Tara Pirie , a lecturer in ecology and conservation at the University of Surrey in the U.K. who was not on the safari at the time of the encounter, told Live Science in an email. "The tiger took time to watch the bear, sizing it up possibly to understand more about it. The bear did not show a particularly aggressive charge from the video so the tiger must have decided it was big enough to stand its ground."

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Predators of similar strength and size tend to avoid unnecessary fights, as fighting wastes energy and puts both parties at risk of injury, Pirie said.

In this case, the tigress may have been particularly reluctant to engage in a struggle because she was nursing three young cubs at the time of the encounter and could not "afford any injury," said Jitender Govindani , a professor and member of the academic council at ICBM School of Business Excellence in Hyderabad, India, who witnessed the standoff. Govindani noted the tigress appeared to surrender when the bear charged.

"The tigress lowered her guard and surrendered when the bear got into attack mode," Govindani told Live Science in an email. "Once the tigress surrendered the bear left immediately, as [it] was also not keen to fight and showed aggression just [to] show its readiness to take on the tigress head on if provoked to a fight."

Earlier in April, another tigress and her cubs ambushed and killed a crocodile in Ranthambore National Park, in India's northwestern state of Rajasthan. A video taken by visitors showed the four tigers feasting on the crocodile's carcass .

Sascha is a U.K.-based trainee staff writer at Live Science. She holds a bachelor’s degree in biology from the University of Southampton in England and a master’s degree in science communication from Imperial College London. Her work has appeared in The Guardian and the health website Zoe. Besides writing, she enjoys playing tennis, bread-making and browsing second-hand shops for hidden gems.

Watch tigress and her cubs feasting on crocodile they killed in rare footage

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