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Travel Advisory July 24, 2023

Mongolia - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise normal precautions in Mongolia.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Mongolia.

If you travel to Mongolia, you should:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Monitor local media for breaking events and adjust your plans based on new information.
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Mongolia.
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .

Embassy Messages

View Alerts and Messages Archive

Quick Facts

Six months from date of entry.

One page per stamp.

Not required for stays of fewer than 90 days. All visitors must register with Mongolian Immigration within 48 hours of arrival.

Mongolian law requires travelers to declare any cash, financial instruments, and cryptocurrency equal to or greater than 15 million Mongolian tugrik (MNT), approximately 5,250 USD as of September 2020, in value to a customs official upon entry into Mongolia.

Mongolian law requires travelers to declare any cash, financial instruments, and cryptocurrency equal to or greater than 15 million Mongolian tugrik (MNT), approximately 5,250 USD as of September 2020, in value to a customs official upon their exit from the country.

Embassies and Consulates

U.s. embassy ulaanbaatar.

Denver Street #3 11th Micro-District Ulaanbaatar 14190 Mongolia Telephone: +976-7007-6001 Emergency after-hours telephone: Please call the main Embassy switchboard at +976-7007-6001 Fax: +976-7007-6016 Email:  [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

Visit the Mongolian Immigration Agency’s website or the website of the Mongolian Embassy in Washington, DC for the most current information on entry, exit, and visa requirements.

Tourism & Business Travel:  You do not need a visa if visiting for fewer than 90 days, but your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your date of arrival. All foreign nationals, no matter their duration of stay, must register with the Immigration Agency of Mongolia within 48 hours of their arrival in country. This can be done by the individual themselves or by the individual or entity providing housing for the foreign national. Registration can be done online through the Immigration Agency of Mongolia’s website . Failure to register may result in fines upon departure and you may not be allowed to depart the country until the fine is paid in full to the Mongolian Immigration Agency.

You will also be fined if you stay beyond your 90-day admission, even if due to circumstances beyond your control. This fine, which accumulates daily for every day beyond 90 days, must be paid in full before Mongolian authorities will allow you to depart.

Work, Study, Reside: If you plan to visit, work, study, or reside in Mongolia for more than 90 days you must apply for a visa at the Mongolian Embassy in Washington, DC , the Mongolian Consulate General in San Francisco , or the Mongolian Mission to the United Nations in New York before you depart the United States.

Overland Travel to/from China or Russia:  Only the Zamiin Uud border crossing in the south with China and the Sukhbaatar/Altanbulag border crossing in the north with Russia, are always open to foreign travelers. Other overland ports of entry are open sporadically. The status of border crossings is available in Mongolian.

See the Country Specific Information pages on China and Russia for additional information on the entry, exit, and transit requirements for those countries.

Other Entry and Exit Requirements:  The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Mongolia.

Minors traveling with guardians who are not their parents must travel with a signed, notarized letter from at least one parent authorizing the minor’s travel. Minors traveling alone by air must present a signed, notarized letter from at least one parent attesting that the minor will utilize the services of the airline to ensure the child is accompanied throughout the trip.

Additional Information:

• The Embassy of Mongolia is located at: 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone (202) 333-7117 and 202 333-7017; email [email protected] .
• The Consulate General of Mongolia is located at: 465 California Street Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94104; telephone (415) 622-4000; email [email protected] .
• The Permanent Mission of Mongolia to the United Nations is located at: 6 East 77 th Street, New York, NY 10075; telephone (212) 861-9460; email [email protected] .

Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction and customs regulations on our websites.

Safety and Security

Travelers are urged to review the Mongolia Travel Advisory , which provides information about safety and security concerns affecting the country.

The phone number to report crimes to the local police in Mongolia is 102 . The number to call an ambulance or fire truck in an emergency is 103 . Please note that local authorities, including the operators responding to these emergency numbers, do not commonly speak English.

Crime: Mongolia is a relatively safe country for foreigners. However, both street crime and violent crime are on the rise, especially in the larger towns and cities. Crime typically peaks during the Naadam summer festival in July and during the Tsagaan Sar (Lunar New Year) festival in January or February. Most street crime occurs late at night, often outside bars and nightclubs.

Theft: Pickpocketing and bag-snatching can occur at any time, especially in crowded places like markets, train stations, and popular tourist attractions. You should take precautions to protect your personal effects when in public. The Embassy has also received reports of visitors’ accommodations being burgled while occupied. These burglaries most often occurred when travelers were staying in yurt (known in Mongolia as ger) camps where locking the door to the accommodation may be impossible.

Robbery: The most common form of robbery experienced by visitors to Mongolia is mugging. You are most likely to be mugged if you are alone in unfamiliar urban neighborhoods after dark, or in unregistered private vehicles operating as taxis. Stick to well-lit and well-established tourist areas and use registered taxis whenever possible.

Sexual assault: Though infrequent, the Embassy does receive reports of sexual assaults perpetrated against travelers. These reports indicate that perpetrators are most often familiar with the victim in some way such as tour guides or employees of locations frequented by tourists, like ger camps and monasteries. If you are a victim of sexual assault contact the Mongolian police immediately and seek assistance from the Embassy by calling +976 7007-6001. Female travelers are encouraged to avoid traveling alone in Mongolia and all travelers should research and hire only reputable tour agencies with established safety and security records, especially when visiting remote areas far from the capital.

The police will instruct victims of sexual assault to obtain an examination at the criminal forensic institute, which is in Ulaanbaatar city or in provincial centers. A medical check from any other clinic/hospital will not be admitted into evidence at any judicial proceeding. The Embassy can assist in helping you locate these centers.

Domestic Violence: U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence are encouraged to contact the U.S. Embassy for assistance.

Street harassment: Street harassment is especially prevalent at night and in areas outside the capital. The most common targets of street harassment are unaccompanied women and foreign men accompanying Mongolian or other Asian women. Street harassment may range from verbal abuse to physical assault. Certain nationalist groups also perpetrate premeditated attacks against foreigners. Most street harassment occurs in or near bars and nightclubs, and alcohol is often involved. All travelers should avoid walking alone after dark, avoid using unregistered taxi cabs, and moderate their use of alcohol in order to avoid becoming an easy target for harassment in public.

Drug offenses: Mongolian police are particularly keen on combatting the use of drugs, a problem they generally see as imported by foreigners. Penalties for drug possession and or trafficking in Mongolia range from one to twelve years imprisonment.

Smuggling of contraband goods, antiquities, and wildlife: Smuggling of these items is prevalent across both the Russian and Chinese borders. Travelers have been known to be duped into transporting contraband goods or controlled antiquities from Mongolia. Be wary of other passengers requesting help with their luggage, as it could contain illicit articles. Penalties for smuggling in Mongolia vary based on the items smuggled and range from one month of electronic monitoring to eight years imprisonment and fines from 450,000 MNT to 40,000,000 MNT equivalent to 160 USD to 14,000 USD as of September 2020.

Demonstrations: Demonstrations are common in many parts of Mongolia but are most prominent in the capital Ulaanbaatar. Even demonstrations intended to be peaceful can become confrontational and escalate into violence. Protesters may block traffic on roads, including major thoroughfares. U.S. citizens should avoid demonstration areas and exercise caution if near any protests. Some demonstrations by Mongolian ultra-nationalists take a xenophobic turn and may place foreigners at heightened risk should they encounter these events. U.S. citizens should avoid participating in demonstrations and other activities that might be deemed political by Mongolian authorities.

Alcohol: If you choose to drink alcohol, it is important to do so in moderation and to stop and seek medical attention if you begin to feel ill. Alcohol is an important aspect of Mongolian social culture and strangers may offer to drink with travelers as a welcoming gesture. While most of these offers are innocuous and truly a friendly gesture, travelers should be wary of accepting beverages offered on the street by strangers who approach them late at night as these are often the precursor to a robbery. The prevalent use of alcohol is also connected to a high frequency of physical altercations sometimes resulting in injury. U.S. citizen travelers are known to have become wittingly or unwittingly involved in such altercations and injured.

Driving under the influence: Mongolian police take driving under the influence very seriously and enforcement is vigorous in urban areas. Penalties for driving under the influence in Mongolia include a one-year suspension of driving privileges and a 400,000 MNT fine, roughly 140 USD as of September 2020. Travelers should exercise the same precautions as they would in the United States, use of a designated driver or a taxi, to avoid operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol. 

Victims of Crime:

Local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes. If you are the victim of a crime you should contact the local authorities to file a Mongolian police report. You should also inform the U.S. Embassy. A crime may only be reported in person at the local police district having jurisdiction over the location where the crime occurred. Before reporting a crime, you may wish to consult an attorney. The U.S. Embassy maintains a list of English-speaking lawyers that you may access online. You must have your passport or residency permit with you. 

Once you report a crime to the police Mongolian law requires that you remain in the country for the duration of both the investigation and any subsequent trial. In some instances, the law provides for a victim to appoint a legal representative to take their place.  

The police will instruct victims of assault or sexual assault to undergo an examination by the criminal forensic institute which is located in Ulaanbaatar or in provincial centers. No other medical examination will be accepted as evidence by Mongolian authorities. The Embassy can assist in helping you locate these centers.

It is important to note that, if a victim does not file a complaint, police may refuse to investigate the crime--even if they have probable cause to suspect that a crime took place. 

Please see our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime overseas . 

If you are the victim of a crime the U.S. Embassy can:

• help you find appropriate medical care and provide a list of doctors and hospitals
• assist you in reporting a crime to the police
• contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• explain the local criminal justice process in general terms
• provide a list of local attorneys
• provide our information on victim’s compensation programs in the U.S. as well as local resources
• provide an emergency loan for repatriation, which includes accommodation and flights back to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• replace a stolen, lost, or damaged passport

Tourism: The tourism industry is unevenly regulated. Mongolia’s vast area and limited road and communications infrastructure make emergency response challenging for local and national authorities. Mongolia’s severe weather—desert conditions in the summer in many tourist areas and dangerously cold in the winter (-40° F) across the country—exacerbates the potential for urgent situations, especially in the event of injury or becoming lost or disoriented outside of city centers. The Embassy recommends travelers not drive outside of Ulaanbaatar or other city centers after sunset.  In winter visitors should always keep high-quality cold-weather clothing in vehicles, even for short trips, to protect oneself in the event of delay or becoming stranded.  Routine safety inspections for emergency and medical equipment and facilities do not commonly occur. Hazardous areas/activities are not always identified with appropriate signage, and tour guides and tourist attraction staff may not be adequately trained or certified by the host government or recognized authorities in the field. In the event of an injury, basic medical treatment is typically available only in/near major cities, with significant limitations on the availability of medication and quality of health care.  First responders are generally unable to quickly access areas outside of major cities to provide urgent medical treatment.  U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance .  

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties: You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, then you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned.

Furthermore, some laws are prosecutable in the United States, even if violated abroad. For examples, see the Department of Justice website and our website on crimes against minors abroad .

Arrest Notification: If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our webpage for further information.

Customs: Mongolian customs authorities strictly enforce laws regulating the import and export of firearms, ammunition, precious metals, antiquities and drugs. Importation of firearms or ammunition requires prior government approval. All precious metals should be declared on arrival. Exporting antiquities requires a special customs clearance certificate issued by an authorized antique dealer at the time of purchase. Importing medicines is not allowed. Medicines for personal use must have doctor’s prescription. Vitamins are limited only for personal use. Quantity of more than 2 packages will result in taxation. For additional information, contact the Embassy of Mongolia .

Faith-Based Travelers: See our following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report – see country reports
• Human Rights Report – see country reports
• Hajj Fact Sheet for Travelers
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTI Travelers: Mongolia’s criminal code prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, language, race, age, gender, social status, professional position, religion, education, or medical status. There are no laws or legal provisions that criminalize being LGBTI or that specifically target the LGBTI community. However, NGOs continue to report that LGBTI individuals face violence and discrimination both in public and at home based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. There were also reports that LGBTI persons face greater discrimination and fear in rural areas than in Ulaanbaatar. The Government of Mongolia does not recognize same-sex spouses for visa and residency purposes.

See our LGBTI Travel Information and section 6 of our Human Rights report for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance: Major streets in Ulaanbaatar feature textured sidewalks to aid visually impaired pedestrians, but numerous obstacles prevent persons with disabilities from moving freely. Government buildings and public transportation remain largely inaccessible to persons with disabilities. Mongolian elevators are often too small to accommodate a standard-sized wheelchair. Service animals are rare and are often barred from entering public buildings.

Students: See our Students Abroad page and FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: Domestic violence and sexual assault are serious problems in Mongolia. See the Safety & Security section above, as well as our travel tips for Women Travelers .

With few exceptions, Mongolian hospitals do not meet Western standards. Although most doctors and emergency responders are dedicated professionals, their training and equipment are sub-standard. Most modern medical facilities are in Ulaanbaatar, though some public and private hospitals in larger provincial cities offer medical services on par with those in the capital. Medical services may be completely unavailable in remote areas. Mongolia does not have helicopter medical evacuation and those who require medical assistance in remote areas must drive to the nearest major town. Medical evacuation to Ulaanbaatar is conducted by commercial air carriers. Some pharmacies in Ulaanbaatar carry European or U.S. pharmaceuticals, but quantity and variety is limited. Most pharmaceuticals are made in China or Russia, and lack English labels. See our list of medical facilities in Ulaanbaatar .

Air Pollution: Due to the pervasiveness of coal-burning for domestic heating, Ulaanbaatar and most other Mongolian cities suffer severe air pollution during winter. The U.S. Embassy’s air quality monitor registers Air Quality Indices (AQIs) in excess of 300 most days from December through February. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency describes AQIs above 300 as “hazardous.” Air pollution can cause both short- and long-term health effects and poses an especially high risk to children, pregnant women, the elderly, outdoor enthusiasts, and people with heart or lung disease. Travelers planning to visit Ulaanbaatar during winter should consult a medical professional and should, at the very least, consider carrying an N95 mask to help filter out harmful particulates. For reliable and timely air pollution readings, check the U.S. Embassy’s live air quality monitor .

Water Quality: The quality of drinking water varies throughout Mongolia and it is likely not up to U.S. standards for potability. Most Mongolians do not drink tap water and instead prefer to consume bottled water for their domestic use.

Medical Insurance: Make sure your health insurance plan provides coverage overseas. Most care providers overseas only accept cash payments. See our webpage for more information on insurance coverage.

We strongly recommend supplemental insurance to cover medical evacuation. The U.S. Embassy does not provide medical evacuation, but will contact the insurance company on your behalf to arrange medical evacuation if necessary.

If traveling with prescription medication, check with the Mongolian Embassy to ensure the medication is legal in Mongolia. Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging with your doctor’s prescription.

The following diseases are prevalent:

• Meningococcal meningitis
• Tuberculosis

Vaccinations: Be up-to-date on all vaccinations recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Further health information:

• World Health Organization
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety:

• Operating a vehicle outside of Ulaanbaatar is unsafe , particularly after dark. Outside of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia has few paved roads and even fewer street lights. Most roads have only two lanes and no shoulders and most sealed roads need resurfacing. Trucks commonly carry overloaded cargo. Livestock crossing roads, even high traffic ones, is common. Pedestrians also cross all types of roads at undesignated locations. Passing is difficult and dangerous due to the narrow, highly-trafficked nature of the roads.

Mongolian motorists are sometimes aggressive, commonly cutting each other off, performing illegal turns, driving through red lights, and/or suddenly stopping in the middle of the road. Moreover, driving while intoxicated is common. Although Mongolia is a right-hand traffic country, more than half of all vehicles have the steering wheel on the right-hand side. Most motorcycle and moped drivers have limited experience sharing the road. Motorists rarely respect pedestrian right-of-way, even in crosswalks.

• Driving off-road in Mongolia can be dangerous, especially without a knowledgeable Mongolian guide. Those contemplating off-road driving in Mongolia should bring standard vehicle maintenance equipment, a good GPS unit, and a reliable satellite phone. Exercise particular caution when driving off-road during winter. Mongolia’s National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) regularly assists stuck vehicles. However, off-road rescue can take days given the remoteness and rough terrain, and few NEMA rescue crews speak English. Foreign motorists may face life-threatening situations after becoming stranded in remote locations without sufficient sources of food, water, and heat.

Traffic Laws:

• To help reduce traffic and air pollution, police actively restrict certain license plate numbers from driving into downtown Ulaanbaatar on certain days of the week, usually alternating odd/even numbers.
• All foreign residents must carry a Mongolian driving permit. It is not legal to drive in Mongolia with a U.S. driver’s license. U.S. citizen tourists may legally drive in Mongolia for up to six months with a valid international driver’s license, but must have a Mongolian license thereafter. Automobile insurance is mandatory. For information concerning Mongolian driver’s licenses, vehicle inspection, road taxes, and vehicle insurance, contact the Embassy of Mongolia in Washington, DC.
• If you are involved in a collision, never move your vehicle until after the police arrive to assess the scene--even if your vehicle is blocking traffic. Moving your vehicle will incur a fine. Be prepared to wait because it can take hours before police arrive at the scene of the collision.

Public Transportation:

Ulaanbaatar has a fairly reliable bus system. Bus maps are not posted in English and buses can become extremely crowded--be alert against pickpocketing. Unofficial, unregistered, un-metered taxis are rampant in Ulaanbaatar, however registered taxis are also available. Registered taxis may refuse service during rush hour, however.

The safety and maintenance standards of rental car companies vary. Local tour companies can provide cars with drivers, but the drivers’ experience, knowledge, and English-speaking abilities will vary.

For more information, please visit our Road Safety page.

Aviation Safety Oversight:  As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in Mongolia, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the government of Mongolia’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page .

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act ( ICAPRA )  report.

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Flights from Mongolia to Germany

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The flight time from Mongolia to Germany is:

8 hours, 42 minutes.

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Flight map from Mongolia to Germany

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Flying time from Mongolia to Germany

The total flight duration from Mongolia to Germany is 8 hours, 42 minutes .

This assumes an average flight speed for a commercial airliner of 500 mph, which is equivalent to 805 km/h or 434 knots. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on wind speeds.

If you're planning a trip, remember to add more time for the plane to taxi between the gate and the airport runway. This measurement is only for the actual flying time. You should also factor in airport wait times and possible equipment or weather delays. If you're trying to figure out what time you'll arrive at the destination, you may want to see if there's a time difference between Mongolia and Germany .

The calculation of flight time is based on the straight line distance from Mongolia to Germany ("as the crow flies"), which is about 4,096 miles or 6 593 kilometers .

Your trip begins in Mongolia. It ends in Germany.

Your flight direction from Mongolia to Germany is Northwest (-47 degrees from North).

The flight time calculator measures the average flight duration between points. It uses the great circle formula to compute the travel mileage.

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Travel to Mongolia from German

Mongolia is one of the world’s last truly nomadic cultures. For millennia, pastoral herders have lived on almost every corner of Mongolian, moving with their livestock according to the seasons. They still live in traditional felt Ger tents, subsisting on the meat and milk of their animals, and living “as free as the country is wide. In today’s fast changing world, Mongolia is considered as one of the few exotic destinations and a place designed for nature and culture lovers that can offer beautiful unspoiled nature, world’s last truly nomadic culture and unrivalled hospitality which have been kept for centuries.

By AIR : Mongolia is a landlocked country that can be reached either by air or by land. Chinggis Khaan International Airport (ULN) is the major international airport that is located in 15 kilometers southwest of the capital city, Ulaanbaatar.

There are direct flights from the Berlin or Frankfurt to Ulaanbaatar by MIAT Mongolian Airline

By TRAIN : The legendary Trans-Siberian Railway which is the longest (7925 km) continuous rail line on earth links Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia with Irkutsk and Moscow, Russia and Beijing, China. The journey from Moscow to Ulaanbaatar takes about 5 days, from Irkutsk (Baikal Lake) 24 hours and from Beijing to Ulaanbaatar takes about 28 hours. From the Mongolian steppes to Lake Baikal’s remote shores, and to the Great Wall of China, you can start your adventure at any of these three completely different cultures. More information for this train: click here!

How about Mongolia visa?

Don’t need Mongolia visa for German passport holders within 30 days!

Mongolia - Customs Regulations

Foreign currencies may be introduced indefinitely, but must be declared if more than EUR 4500 or $ 5000. The export is possible up to the amount of the declared amount. The import and export of local currency is prohibited.

When leaving the country, people often and strictly search for antiques, valuable minerals, gerontological finds, metals and hunting trophies. Hunters may import and export their personal hunting weapons including ammunition.

Read more: Customs Regulations & Passenger Clearance 

Mongolia weather - best times to visit mongolia.

Mongolia is known to the world as country of “Blue Sky of 4 Seasons “. In Mongolia, there are 257 sunny days a year, often with clear cloudless skies. The best time to visit Mongolia is during the Mongolian summer, from the 1st week of June till 1st week of September.

More Information: Click here!

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Traveling from Germany to Mongolia: A Journey Across Continents

Updated: Jun 8

Germany and Mongolia may seem worlds apart, but with the right planning, you can embark on an exciting adventure that bridges cultures, landscapes, and historical legacies. Whether you’re a seasoned traveler or a curious explorer, this guide will provide essential information on how to traverse the vast expanse between these two fascinating countries.

1. Choosing Your Route

Before you pack your bags, consider the various transportation options available for your journey. Here are the primary ways to travel from Germany to Mongolia:

1.1. By Air

Recommended Option : Fly from Frankfurt to Ulaanbaatar (UBN) in approximately 11 hours and 10 minutes. The flight covers a distance of around 6,638 kilometers.

Airlines: MIAT Mongolian Airlines, Turkish Airlines, and Air China operate flights between Frankfurt (FRA) and Ulaanbaatar (UBN).

Prices range from $459 to $1,025 .

Cheapest Option : If you’re on a budget, consider flying from Frankfurt to Bayankhongor (BYN) with a layover. The total travel time is approximately 37 hours and 10 minutes, covering a distance of 6,538 kilometers.

Prices range from $326 to $1,209 .

1.2. Overlanding Adventure

For the intrepid traveler, overlanding through Mongolia offers a unique experience. Instead of flying or taking the train, embark on a vast loop that connects some of Mongolia’s most treasured hotspots and wilderness hideaways. This land-based journey allows you to immerse yourself in the stunning landscapes and local culture.

2. Practical Tips and Considerations  Mongolian tour

Now that you’ve chosen your route, here are some practical tips to make your Germany-to-Mongolia adventure smoother:

2.1. Visa Requirements

Check the visa requirements for both countries. Obtain the necessary visas well in advance to avoid any last-minute hassles.

2.2. Packing Essentials

Pack lightweight clothing suitable for both warm and cool climates. Mongolia experiences extreme temperature variations, so layering is essential.

Don’t forget essentials like a sturdy backpack, comfortable walking shoes, and a reliable travel adapter.

2.3. Cultural Etiquette

Familiarize yourself with Mongolian customs and traditions. Respect local norms, especially when visiting monasteries and interacting with nomadic communities.

2.4. Health Precautions

Consult your doctor regarding vaccinations and health precautions specific to Mongolia.

Carry a basic first aid kit and any necessary medications.

3. Exploring Mongolia  

Once you arrive in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia’s capital, get ready to explore the vast steppes, ancient monasteries, and nomadic lifestyle. Here are some must-see destinations:

3.1. Terelj National Park

Terelj National Park , also known as Gorkhi-Terelj National Park , is a captivating wilderness area located just 60 kilometers southeast of Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia’s capital city. This park, covering 2,864 square kilometers , offers a mesmerizing blend of high mountains, rugged cliffs, lush forests, and pristine rivers. From the iconic Turtle Rock  to the soothing Yestii Hot Water Springs , Terelj beckons travelers with its natural wonders. Whether you’re an intrepid adventurer or a seeker of tranquility, let the rugged beauty of Mongolia’s wilderness leave an indelible mark on your soul. 🌿🏞️🇲🇳

3.2. Kharkhorin (Karakorum)

Kharkhorin , also known as  Karakorum , is an archaeological site and former capital of the Mongols, located in the Orkhon Valley  in the present-day Övörkhangai Province of Mongolia . It served as the capital of the Mongol Empire  from 1235 to 1260 , during the period of the United Mongol Empire. Although initially a yurt town, it transformed into a thriving trade center under Ögödei Khan , attracting merchants, missionaries, and diplomats. With a population of around ten thousand people, Karakorum was cosmopolitan for its time. However, its significance waned when Qubilai Qa’an  moved the capital to Daidu (Beijing)  in northern China. Despite its decline, the area remains historically important, with the Erdene Zuu Monastery  built on the site of Ögödei Qa’an’s palace1 2 .

3.3. Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert , spanning parts of southern Mongolia and northern China, is a vast and arid expanse known for its shifting sand dunes, dramatic canyons, and unique desert flora and fauna. It is the largest desert in Asia  and the sixth largest in the world . The Gobi’s name originates from the Mongolian word “Govi,” which refers to all waterless regions on the Mongolian Plateau. However, in Chinese, “Gobi” specifically denotes rocky, semi-desert areas like the Gobi itself rather than sandy deserts1 2 . Despite its reputation as a sandy desert, much of the Gobi consists of exposed bare rock. Its climate is cold, with frost and occasional snow on its dunes. The average annual rainfall is about 194 mm (7.6 in), and it sits at an elevation of approximately 910–1,520 meters (2,990–4,990 feet) above sea level1 . The Gobi’s historical significance extends beyond its harsh terrain—it served as a reservoir of dinosaur fossils and played a role in the Silk Road trade route 3 4 . 🏜️🌵🇲🇳🇨🇳

3.4. Khuvsgul lake

Lake Khuvsgul , also known as Lake Khövsgöl , is the largest freshwater lake in Mongolia by volume and the second largest by area after Uvs Lake. Located near the northern border of Mongolia, approximately 200 kilometers (124 miles)  west of the southern end of Lake Baikal, it is often nicknamed the “Younger sister” of these two “sister lakes.” At an elevation of 1,645 meters (5,397 feet) above sea level, Lake Khuvsgul stretches 136 kilometers (85 miles) in length and plunges to a depth of 262 meters (860 feet) . Remarkably, it holds nearly 70% of Mongolia’s fresh water  and about 0.4% of all the fresh water in the world . The town of Hatgal lies at the southern end of the lake. Lake Khuvsgul’s pristine waters are potable without any treatment, making it a significant drinking water reserve for Mongolia. Its watershed is relatively small, and it is drained at the southern end by the Egiin Gol, which ultimately flows into Lake Baikal. Surrounded by several mountain ranges, including the Bürenkhaan / Mönkh Saridag peak (3,492 meters or 11,457 feet), Lake Khuvsgul freezes over completely in winter, allowing transport routes on its surface. An elliptical island named Wooden Boy Island  adds to the lake’s allure. This ancient lake, more than 2 million years old , remains a pristine gem in the heart of northern Mongolia, where the dominant tree is the Siberian larch. 🏞️💙🇲🇳

Western Mongolia and Eagle hunters

Mongolia’s Eagle Hunters  in the western part of the country, particularly among the Kazakh ethnic group , practice an ancient and awe-inspiring tradition: hunting with golden eagles . For over 4,000 years , these skilled hunters have trained these revered birds of prey to capture small mammals like hares and foxes in the harsh mountainous terrain of the Altai region . The bond between the eagle and its hunter is profound, rooted in mutual respect and a deep understanding of the natural world. Historically, this practice was handed down from father to son, but some remarkable women have risen to excel in this male-dominated field. Today, however, there are only 10 female Mongolian golden-eagle hunters  left, including huntress Zamanbol . These hunters dress in traditional garb, ride on horseback, and form an almost symbiotic relationship with their eagles. The eagles, captured at around four years old, bond with their human partners over a decade of hunting together. During the hunt, the silent hunters perch atop vantage points, release their golden eagles, and watch as the birds swoop down to capture prey. This ancient art, preserved through festivals and competitions, offers a glimpse into a way of life that has remained largely unchanged for centuries1 2 . 🏞️🦅🇲🇳

Conclusion of Traveling from Germany to Mongolia

Traveling from Germany to Mongolia is an adventure of a lifetime. Whether you choose the skies or the open road, embrace the journey, connect with locals, and create memories that will last forever.

Bon voyage!  🌍🛫🗺️

References:

Flight Distance Calculator

Personal travel experiences and research.

Lake Khövsgöl - Wikipedia

Is Khuvsgul Lake in Mongolia Worth Visiting? | The Nomadic Vegan

Khuvsgul lake: Interesting 7 facts You May Not Know - all about Mongolia

Khuvsgul Lake - Escape To Mongolia

The Best 7-Day Itinerary to Khuvsgul Lake - Meanwhile in Mongolia  🏞️💙🇲🇳

Gobi Desert - Wikipedia

Gobi Desert - Simple English Wikipedia

Gobi Desert - New World Encyclopedia

Gobi Desert | Map, Plants, Animals, & Facts | Britannica  🏜️🌵🇲🇳🇨🇳

Mongolia’s Eagle Hunters - The Last Nomads 2024

Mongolian Eagle Hunters from Western Mongolia

Hunting with Eagles | Golden Eagle hunter in Mongolia

Mongolia’s Fascinating Eagle Hunting Tradition and the Golden Eagle Festival

An Introduction To The Eagle Hunters Of Mongolia 🏞️🦅🇲🇳

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17 things to know before traveling to Mongolia

Aug 20, 2023 • 7 min read

Use these tips on health, safety and etiquette to plan your trip to Mongolia © Henn Photography / Getty Images

A land defined by boundless steppes, blue skies and roving nomads, Mongolia is perfectly set up for adventure and cultural immersion. Memorable experiences are a given, but travel in the world’s least-densely-populated country comes with its own challenges, so it pays to level-up on your Mongolia knowledge before you come.

On my own Mongolia adventures, I’ve wild-camped in a lightning storm; got queasy on fermented horse milk; broken down multiple times on epic drives ; had my pocket picked; crashed a Kazakh wedding; been thrown from two horses; and – perhaps my biggest faux pas – tried to cross part of the Gobi desert in a Toyota Prius. (Spoiler: I got stuck!)

Experience is the mother of wisdom, so here are some tips to help you make fewer mistakes on your own trip. However you choose to explore this fascinating country, remember that Mongolians are famously hospitable and predisposed to help strangers in need – even if things do go wrong, someone will eventually put you back on the right track.

1. Organize your tour well before you travel

Mongolia’s travel season is fleeting, stretching from late May to late August, so the best drivers, guides and vehicles are soon snaffled up. In the past, it was possible to rock up to Ulaanbaatar in summer and ask around at guesthouses to find space on a tour, but with the suspension of the Trans-Mongolian Railway, fewer travelers are passing through. Booking tours ahead is the way to go. 

2. Don’t be too ambitious with your Mongolia itinerary

A common mistake is to try to see too much of Mongolia in one go, which can turn your trip into a wearisome, bone-rattling driving safari. It’s better to focus on just one area of the country, or schedule a stop of at least two nights in each destination so you can slow down and enjoy the majesty and serenity of the Mongolian landscape.

3. Book domestic travel tickets through local Mongolian agencies

Schedules for domestic flights and rail travel often change at the last minute. If you book through a local travel agent in Mongolia, they’ll be able to sort you out if your flight is canceled or delayed. If you miss a connection or are running late, a good tour operator might even be able to hold the plane for you for an hour or so.

4. If you plan to drive yourself, avoid July and August

The summer travel season from July to August coincides with the time when the grassy tracks of the steppe become waterlogged and the risk of getting stuck rises exponentially. If you intend to drive yourself, it’s better to come in the shoulder season in June or September for firmer ground. If you come at the height of summer, stick to the paved roads that fan outwards from the capital, or hire a car and a local driver who knows the local driving conditions.

5. Download podcasts and audiobooks for those long road trips

Mongolia is three times the size of France , and most roads are bumpy tracks, which translates to low average speeds even in a modern 4WD. Expect to spend hours bouncing along through vast, unchanging landscapes – beautiful but somewhat repetitive. This terrain is crying out for a good soundtrack; preload your audio player with good tunes or a selection of audiobooks or podcasts to help the miles pass. 

6. Bring sanitary supplies and medication

While you can pick up most health essentials in the capital, once you’re out on the steppe you’ll find that personal sanitary supplies and medication are much harder to find. Make space in your pack and come prepared with everything you need.

7. Spice up your mutton with condiments

Ulaanbaatar has a buzzing dining scene, but out in the wilds, you’ll subsist mostly on mutton dumplings (buuz) , fried mutton pancakes (khuushuur) , mutton with pasta chunks (tsuivan) , or just plain boiled mutton (makh) . On a long expedition this can get boring, so remember to pack a bottle of sriracha, horseradish, gochujang, piri-piri sauce, or any other condiment that you like to use to zhush up your food.

8. Boil or purify water from streams and lakes

Rural Mongolia may look pristine, but even crystal clear water can contain microbes, contaminants or impurities. Boiling water for at least one minute can kill most harmful microorganisms, or you can use water purification tablets or a portable filtration system to cut down on energy use.

9. Pack camping gear to save money (and if heading out west)

In Mongolia’s most popular destinations, you can stay overnight in fixed ger (yurt) camps set up for tourists, but in remote western areas such as Bayan-Ölgii province, it’s a good idea to carry your own tent and camping gear, as ger camps are few and far between. Ulaanbaatar is full of shops selling outdoor equipment, in case you didn’t bring your own gear from home. 

10. Bring gifts when visiting nomad families

It’s customary to bring something for your hosts when staying with local people in Mongolia. Popular gifts include food, candies, cigarettes and bottles of alcohol. Taking along souvenirs or photographs from your own country is another great way to foster cultural exchange.

11. Climb a hill to get a mobile phone signal

In recent years, cell phone coverage in Mongolia has become much more widespread, with fewer dead zones, though there are still some off-grid spots. If you’re in the countryside and don’t have a signal, usually all you need to do is climb the nearest hill and you’ll be back online.

12. Think twice about riding that horse

Falling off a horse is one of the most common accidents to befall foreigners in Mongolia. If you are keen to get in the saddle, make sure your travel insurance covers it, and consider getting some practice before you leave home. Be extra careful in remote areas such as the Gobi , as horses tend to be more skittish, often a result of mixing different herds to make up the numbers for the tourist season.

13. Observe ger (yurt) etiquette

There are special rules for staying in Mongolia’s most famous form of accommodation. Inside a ger , it’s polite to wait until you’re seated and have been served tea before engaging in conversation with your hosts. It’s also disrespectful to throw trash into the central stove; instead, place it in front and your host will dispose of it. 

14. Be vigilant when walking around central Ulaanbaatar

While Mongolia is generally a safe place to travel, tourists have been known to get robbed in Ulaanbaatar. Back in 2012, I had my wallet picked from my back pocket outside the Ulaanbaatar Department Store – a rookie mistake! Also take extra care when crossing the street – Ulaanbaatar is choked with cars and pedestrians get no special treatment from motorists.

15. Use official taxis after dark

In Ulaanbaatar there are two types of taxis – official taxis and the unofficial kind, essentially regular cars prowling the streets for fares. While unlicensed cabs are generally safe by day, you should stick to official taxis at night. Two useful taxi apps are UBCab and ABA taxi Mongolia , each with their own registered drivers.

16. Use what3words to find places and points of interest

Mongolia has adopted the popular what3words navigation system, where locations are mapped using unique combinations of three words. This makes it easier to locate sites and attractions in a country with few named roads and landmarks. The current edition of the Lonely Planet Mongolia guidebook lists what3words locations next to every point of interest.

17. Get a GPS tracker device

The vehicle version of the hikers’ GPS device, a GPS tracker will provide an extra level of safety when adventuring into the great Mongolian emptiness. If you drive with a tracker, any tour company or support office in Ulaanbaatar can locate your whereabouts if you get lost or your vehicle runs into difficulties. 

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