cdc travel vaccines vanuatu

Travel Vaccines and Advice for Vanuatu

Vanuatu is a small country made up of almost 80 islands resting in the Southern Pacific Ocean. This archipelago is known for its unique island life, beaches and water-based adventures.

Port Vila is home to many exciting destinations, such as the National Museum of Vanuatu. There are also the nearby Rainbow Botanical Gardens. If tourists want to shop, head to downtown Port Vila to find the local, bustling market. One can even take a tour to Ekasup Cultural Village, or go swimming or jet skiing nearby.

Other popular destinations in Vanuatu include Mount Yasur, located on Tanna island. This active volcano erupts frequently. But, it also provides the soil for some of the best local coffee, include that of the Mount Yasur Coffee Collaroy.

If anyone is looking for a unique culture, Vanuatu is exactly what they are looking for.

On This Page: Do I Need Vaccines for Vanuatu? Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Vanuatu Do I Need a Visa for Vanuatu? What Is the Climate Like in Vanuatu? How Safe Is Vanuatu? Keeping Afloat While in Vanuatu What Should I Pack for Vanuatu? U.S. Embassy in Vanuatu

Do I Need Vaccines for Vanuatu?

Yes, some vaccines are recommended or required for Vanuatu. The CDC and WHO recommend the following vaccinations for Vanuatu: typhoid , hepatitis A , polio , hepatitis B , influenza , COVID-19 , pneumonia , meningitis , chickenpox , shingles , Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) .

See the bullets below to learn more about some of these key immunizations:

• Typhoid – Food & Water – Shot lasts 2 years. Oral vaccine lasts 5 years, must be able to swallow pills. Oral doses must be kept in refrigerator.
• Hepatitis A – Food & Water – Recommended for most travelers.
• Polio – Food & Water – Due to an increase in cases globally, an additional adult booster is recommended for most travelers to any destination.
• Hepatitis B – Blood & Body Fluids – Recommended for travelers to most regions.
• Influenza – Airborne – Vaccine components change annually.
• COVID-19 – Airborne – Recommended for travel to all regions, both foreign and domestic.
• Pneumonia – Airborne – Two vaccines given separately. All 65+ or immunocompromised should receive both.
• Meningitis – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to anyone unvaccinated or at an increased risk, especially students.
• Chickenpox – Direct Contact & Airborne – Given to those unvaccinated that did not have chickenpox.
• Shingles – Direct Contact – Vaccine can still be given if you have had shingles.
• Polio – Food & Water – Considered a routine vaccination for most travel itineraries. Single adult booster recommended.
• TDAP (Tetanus, Diphtheria & Pertussis) – Wounds & Airborne – Only one adult booster of pertussis required.
• Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) – Various Vectors – Given to anyone unvaccinated and/or born after 1957. One time adult booster recommended.

See the table below for more information:

Specific Vaccine Information

• Typhoid – Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella Typhi, is a serious illness transmitted through contaminated food and water. Prevention strategies include vaccination as well as practicing strict hygiene and safe food handling.
• Hepatitis A – Be sure to protect yourself from hepatitis A, a contagious liver infection caused by HAV, through vaccination. The virus spreads through contaminated food, water, and close contact. Along with vaccination, maintaining proper hygiene and avoiding undercooked shellfish are essential for prevention.
• Rabies – Rabies is a deadly viral disease that affects mammals and spreads through the saliva of infected animals, primarily through bites or scratches. Preventing rabies involves vaccinating pets, avoiding contact with wild animals, and seeking immediate medical attention if exposed. The rabies vaccine is a crucial preventive measure that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the virus.
• Hepatitis B – Hepatitis B, a liver infection spread via infected fluids, can be prevented through safe practices and vaccination. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies, offering strong and enduring immunity against the virus.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) – Measles, mumps, and rubella are highly infectious diseases that can lead to complications like pneumonia and encephalitis. To combat these threats, vaccination with the MMR vaccine is imperative. This two-dose vaccine not only shields individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, reducing the risk of outbreaks.

Malaria in Vanuatu

Malaria is present in all regions of Vanuatu. Travelers are advised to take antimalarials no matter their destination or itinerary in the country. Malaria in Vanuatu is chloroquine resistant, be sure to speak with a travel health specialist on which antimalarial is best for your trip.

Malaria and dengue are present on Vanuatu. Take precautions including using insect repellent and netting. Antimalarials are recommended for travelers to the island.

See our vaccinations page to learn more about these infections and vaccines. Ready to protect yourself? Book your travel health appointment today by calling or schedule online now .

Other Ways to Stay Healthy in Vanuatu

Prevent bug bites in vanuatu.

Safeguard against bug bites by dressing appropriately and using EPA-registered repellents with DEET, picaridin, or OLE. If bitten, cleanse the area, refrain from scratching, and mitigate discomfort with OTC treatments. Seek medical aid for serious reactions.

Food and Water Safety in Vanuatu

Abroad, practice food safety by avoiding street vendors, washing hands thoroughly, and choosing well-cooked meals. Opt for bottled or canned drinks with unbroken seals. Prevent travelers’ diarrhea by practicing hand hygiene, skipping raw foods, and dining at reputable establishments.

Infections To Be Aware of in Vanuatu

• Dengue – Dengue fever, caused by Aedes mosquito bites, poses a significant global health risk. Preventative measures, including avoiding mosquito bites, are crucial due to the lack of direct antiviral treatments.
• Zika – Zika, transmitted by infected mosquitoes and through sexual contact, can lead to birth defects. Preventing Zika involves using insect repellent, safe sexual practices, and eliminating mosquito breeding sites.

Do I Need a Visa for Vanuatu?

You will not need a visa if you visit the country as a tourist and plan to stay up to 30 days.

The passport must be valid for at least six months at the time of entry and have two blank pages for entry and exit stamps.

Sources: Embassy of Vanuatu and U.S. State Department

What Is the Climate Like in Vanuatu?

Vanuatu is a beautiful island country located in the South Pacific Ocean, with more than 80 islands. The four most popular tourist destinations in Vanuatu are Port Vila, Luganville, Espiritu Santo and Tanna Island. The weather in all these destinations is tropical, warm and humid throughout the year. The average temperature ranges from 70 to 90 degrees. The wet season is from November to April, with the heaviest rainfall in January and February.

If you’re planning to visit Vanuatu, it’s important to check the weather forecast before traveling. This will help you prepare for the climate and ensure a safe and pleasant trip. Vanuatu’s popular tourist destinations have a warm and humid climate, with the wet season occurring from November to April.

How Safe Is Vanuatu?

Vanuatu is a beautiful country in the South Pacific with amazing beaches and friendly people. It’s mostly safe for travelers, but it’s still important to be careful. Here are some tips to stay safe:

• Pay attention to what’s around you, especially in crowded places. Avoid walking alone at night.
• Respect the local customs, which can be conservative. Be modest in your dress, especially when visiting villages or traditional ceremonies.
• Be careful when swimming, as some beaches may have dangerous currents or marine life. Look for warning signs and take precautions.
• Always carry a form of identification with you, like your passport.
• Keep a close eye on your belongings, especially in crowded areas or on public transport.
• Use tour operators that are well-known and trustworthy, especially if you plan on doing outdoor activities.
• Get travel insurance that covers you for accidents or medical emergencies.

By following these tips, you can have a safe and enjoyable trip to Vanuatu.

Keeping Afloat While in Vanuatu

Avoid an embarrassing stop, over 70% of travelers will have diarrhea., get protected with passport health’s travelers’ diarrhea kit .

Tanna Island is a place in Vanuatu that many tourists like to visit. People go there to see the Mount Yasur volcano, which is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. They can hike to the edge of the crater and watch it explode.

Tanna Island is also famous for its unique culture, and visitors can learn about the Yakel and Imaio tribes. These tribes have special traditions like sand drawing and custom dance. People can also enjoy the beaches, go swimming, snorkeling, or scuba diving in the clear water. There are animals to see like the dugong and the Tanna ground dove. Visitors can buy local crafts and souvenirs at the markets.

Tanna Island is a unique place where people can learn about a different culture, see amazing things like an active volcano, and have fun in the water.

What Should I Pack for Vanuatu?

Vanuatu is a beautiful tropical country in the South Pacific that has lovely beaches, rainforests, and an exciting culture. If you’re planning to visit Vanuatu, there are some things you should pack to make your trip enjoyable. You’ll need lightweight and breathable clothes made of cotton or linen, comfortable shoes like sandals, flip flops, and sneakers, sunscreen with a high SPF, and insect repellent to protect against bugs.

You should also bring a waterproof phone case, hat, sunglasses, and a lightweight rain jacket in case of rains. Bring cash and credit cards for purchases, and a travel adapter for your electronics. Pack any prescription medications you need and a basic first aid kit with items like band-aids and pain relievers. If you’re planning on snorkeling, consider bringing your own gear.

It’s essential to check the weather forecast before you go to ensure you’ve packed the right things.

U.S. Embassy in Vanuatu

All Americans visiting Vanuatu should register online with the U.S. Department of State before departure. This will inform the office of your travel plans within the country and will allow them to reach out in the case of an emergency or evacuation.

There is no embassy in Vanuatu, but the embassy in Papua New Guinea serves the area:

U.S. Embassy Port Moresby Douglas Street, (adjacent to the Bank of Papua New Guinea) Port Moresby, NCD, 121 Papua New Guinea Telephone: +(675) 308-2100 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(675) 7200-9439 Fax: +(675) 321-1593

It’s a good idea to check their website or call the embassy to find out what services are currently available.

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Travel Advisory July 24, 2023

Vanuatu - level 1: exercise normal precautions.

Reissued with obsolete COVID-19 page links removed.

Exercise normal precautions in Vanuatu.

Read the  country information page  for additional information on travel to Vanuatu.

If you decide to travel to Vanuatu:

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive Alerts and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.   
• Follow the Department of State on  Facebook  and  Twitter .   
• Review the  Country Security Report  for Vanuatu.   
• Visit the CDC page for the latest  Travel Health Information  related to your travel. 
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations. Review the  Traveler’s Checklist .    

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Quick Facts

1 page per stamp.

Not required for stays under 30 days.

All travelers must be fully vaccinated against COVID-19. No other vaccinations are currently required.

Amounts over VUV 1,000,000 (USD 10,000) in local or foreign currency equivalent must be declared.

Embassies and Consulates

U.s. embassy port moresby.

The Embassy maintains no permanent presence in Vanuatu. Harbour City Road, Konedobu Port Moresby, NCD, 121 Papua New Guinea Telephone : +(675) 308-9100 Emergency After-Hours Telephone: +(675) 7200-9439 Fax: +(675) 321-1593 Email:   [email protected]

Destination Description

Learn about the U.S. relationship to countries around the world.

Entry, Exit and Visa Requirements

U.S. citizens need a valid passport, onward ticket, and proof of sufficient funds in order to enter Vanuatu. Tourist visas are not required for stays of up to 30 days. If you plan to stay longer than 30 days, you may apply for a standard residence permit or for an extension of stay for up to 120 days at the Immigration Office. You should do so before your initial 30-day period expires. Please contact the Principal Immigration Officer, Immigration Department, at (+678) 22354.

For further information on entry requirements, particularly if you are planning to enter on a private sailing vessel, please visit the  Permanent Mission of the Republic of Vanuatu to the United Nations website , 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017, Telephone: (+1) 212 661 4303; fax: (+1) 212 422 3427, (+1) 212 661 5544. The Mission may also be contacted via e-mail at [email protected] .

The U.S. Department of State is unaware of any HIV/AIDS entry restrictions for visitors to or foreign residents of Vanuatu.

Find information on dual nationality , prevention of international child abduction and customs regulations on our websites.

Safety and Security

Public Safety:  Civil disorder in Vanuatu is relatively rare; however, you should avoid public demonstrations and/or political rallies if they occur.

Crime:  Although violent crime is relatively rare in Vanuatu, there is always a risk that you could be a victim of theft, burglary, sexual harassment, or sexual assault. Take reasonable precautions to avoid undue risk, especially in tourist areas. Women should avoid going out alone at night or to isolated locations. The Embassy has also received some reports of ATM or credit card number theft after a card was used in Vanuatu. While this does not appear to be widespread, travelers are advised to monitor their accounts after using their ATM or credit cards in Vanuatu for any unauthorized activity.

International Financial Scams:  See the  Department of State  and the  FBI  pages for information.

Victims of Crime: U.S. citizen victims of sexual assault should contact the U.S. Embassy in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea for assistance at (+675) 308 2100.

Report crimes to the local police at 1111 or non-emergency (+678) 2222 in Port Vila and (+678) 36222 in Santo, and contact the U.S. Embassy in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea at (+675) 308 2100. Remember that local authorities are responsible for investigating and prosecuting crime.

See our webpage on help for U.S. victims of crime overseas .

• Help you find appropriate medical care
• Assist you in reporting crime to the police
• Contact relatives or friends with your written consent
• Provide general information regarding the victim’s role during the local investigation and following its conclusion
• Provide a list of attorneys
• Provide our information on victim’s compensation programs in the United States
• Provide an emergency loan for repatriation to the United States and/or limited medical support in cases of destitution
• Help you find accommodation and arrange flights homes
• Replace a stolen or lost passport.

Domestic Violence: U.S. citizen victims of domestic violence should contact the Embassy for assistance.

Tourism: The tourism industry is unevenly regulated, and safety inspections for equipment and facilities do not commonly occur. Hazardous areas/activities are not always identified with appropriate signage, and staff may not be trained or certified either by the host government or by recognized authorities in the field. In the event of an injury, appropriate medical treatment is typically available only in/near major cities. First responders are generally unable to access areas outside of major cities and to provide urgent medical treatment. U.S. citizens are encouraged to purchase medical evacuation insurance . 

Local Laws & Special Circumstances

Criminal Penalties:  You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. 

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the U.S., regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on  crimes against minors abroad  and the  Department of Justice  website.

Arrest Notification:  If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our  webpage  for further information.

Customs:  Vanuatu customs authorities may enforce strict regulations on importing or exporting items such as firearms, certain prescription drugs, wooden artifacts, exotic animals, food items, and sexually explicit material. Other products may be subject to quarantine. For specific information regarding customs requirements, contact the  Permanent Mission of the Republic of Vanuatu  to the United Nations, 800 Second Avenue, Suite 400B, New York, NY 10017, Telephone: (212) 661-4303; fax: (212) 422-3427, (212) 661-5544.

Natural Disasters:  The United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) has consistently ranked Vanuatu number one on the World Risk Index for its many different types of natural disasters and its difficulties in recovering from them.  Visitors need to be aware of disasters which can occur at any time.

Cyclones:  Cyclones can occur suddenly in Vanuatu. Cyclone season usually lasts from November to April, and severe flooding, landslides, and disruptions to services may occur. Local media and hotels will convey cyclone alerts issued by local authorities.

Volcanoes/Earthquakes:  Vanuatu is subject to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. If you plan to visit volcanic areas, contact the Department of Geology and Mines at (677) 22423 or the  Vanuatu Tourism Office  at [email protected] prior to traveling to areas where volcanic activity may occur. Detailed information about earthquakes is available from the  National Earthquake Information Center of the United States Geological Survey . If a natural disaster occurs, follow the advice of local authorities. Visit the Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards page to obtain current climate advisories, including volcano activity levels All of Ambae Island and parts of Ambrym Island have been evacuated due to high and on-going volcanic activity. Avoid areas being evacuated.

Faith-Based Travelers:  See the  Department of State’s International Religious Freedom Report .

LGBTI Travelers : Same-sex sexual relations are criminalized in Vanuatu. However, there are no known incidents of the prosecution, targeting, or harassment of consenting adults. Vanuatu is a conservative country, and we recommend that you avoid public displays of affection. See our  LGBTI Travel Information  page and the Vanuatu Human Rights Report for further details.

Travelers Who Require Accessibility Assistance : There is no law specifically prohibiting discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental disabilities. There are no special programs to assist persons with disabilities and no legislation mandating access to buildings, information, and communications. In practice, most buildings in Vanuatu are not accessible to persons with disabilities, and disabled persons often rely on assistance from friends and family.

Recreational Diving:  Diving in Vanuatu has the potential to be dangerous. We suggest the following tips for visitors who plan to dive while in Vanuatu:

• Verify that your dive operator is currently certified through one of the international diving associations (PADI, NAUI, BSAC, CMAS, etc.).
• Ensure that rental equipment is in good working condition, with up-to-date inspection stamps.
• Make sure your equipment fits properly.
• Postpone or cancel diving activity if any equipment is faulty.
• Try to remain in pairs or in a group that includes a dive guide.
• Determine your level of training before engaging in deep water or wreck dives.
• Confirm that dive operators have adequate onsite emergency equipment and diver-recall systems.
• Know that the nearest hyperbaric chamber might be hours away, or require a plane flight. There is one hyperbaric facility in Port Vila, Vanuatu, far from some of the more remote dive sites. Due to the high costs for decompression services and associated emergency transportation, divers are strongly advised to obtain adequate medical evacuation and diver’s insurance.
• Please report any unsafe conditions or diving practices to either the certifying diving association or the local authorities.

Students:  See our  Students Abroad  page and  FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers:  See our travel tips for  Women Travelers

Criminal Penalties: You are subject to local laws. If you violate local laws, even unknowingly, you may be expelled, arrested, or imprisoned. Individuals establishing a business or practicing a profession that requires additional permits or licensing should seek information from the competent local authorities, prior to practicing or operating a business.

Local customary law is observed in Vanuatu especially in rural areas. Disputes based in customary law are generally resolved through a compensation-based settlement mediated by law enforcement or law government officials.

Furthermore, some laws are also prosecutable in the United States, regardless of local law. For examples, see our website on crimes against minors abroad and the Department of Justice website.

Arrest Notification: If you are arrested or detained, ask police or prison officials to notify the U.S. Embassy immediately. See our webpage for further information.

Natural Disasters:  Vanuatu is among the most natural disaster prone countries in the world. Visitors should be aware that natural disasters can occur at any time with little or not notice. For general information on disaster preparedness visit the Department of State Crisis and Disaster Preparedness  webpage.

Cyclones:  Cyclones can occur suddenly in Vanuatu. Cyclone season usually lasts from November to April. Damaging winds, rough seas, intense rain and flash flooding, landslides, and disruptions to services may occur. Local media and hotels will convey cyclone alerts issued by local authorities.

Volcanoes/Earthquakes:  Vanuatu is frequently subject to volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and tsunamis. If you plan to visit volcanic areas, contact the Department of Geology and Mines at (677) 22423 or the  Vanuatu Tourism Office  at prior to traveling to areas where volcanic activity may occur.

Detailed information about earthquakes is available from the  National Earthquake Information Center of the United States Geological Survey . If a natural disaster occurs, follow the advice of local authorities. Visit the  Vanuatu Meteorology and Geo-Hazards page  to obtain current climate advisories, including volcano activity levels. All of Ambae Island and parts of Ambrym Island have been evacuated permanently due to regular volcanic activity. Avoid these areas and others under evacuation orders.

Faith-Based Travelers: See the following webpages for details:

• Faith-Based Travel Information
• International Religious Freedom Report – see country reports
• Human Rights Report – see country reports
• Best Practices for Volunteering Abroad

LGBTI Travelers: Same-sex sexual relations are criminalized in Vanuatu. See our LGBTI Travel Information page and section 6 of our Human Rights report for further details.

Travelers with Disabilities:

The law in Vanuatu does not prohibit discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, or mental disabilities. Social acceptance of persons with disabilities in public is not as prevalent as in the United States. Expect accessibility to be limited in public transportation, lodging, communication/information, and general infrastructure. Accessibility is generally more prevalent in the capital city, Port Vila. The availability of rental, repair, replacement parts for aids/equipment/devices, or service providers, such as sign language interpreters or personal assistants is extremely limited.

Students:  See our Students Abroad page and FBI travel tips .

Women Travelers: See our travel tips for Women Travelers .

Travel and Transportation

Road Conditions and Safety: Travel by road can be hazardous. Always use your seatbelt. Roads are generally narrow and in poor repair. Only the capital city of Port Vila and the town of Luganville have consistently paved roads, which have a maximum speed limit of 30 miles per hour (50 kilometers per hour). On all roads, give way to traffic coming from the right, and to traffic coming from the left at roundabouts. To avoid trespassing, seek permission from local landowners before accessing non-public areas, including beaches. Some landowners may charge a fee for access.

Traffic Laws: If you are involved in a road accident, local law requires you to stop and stay at the scene until the police arrive. If a crowd gathers after an accident and you feel threatened, proceed directly to a police station. Incidents of individuals being harmed by crowds as a result of a traffic accident are rare.

Many local drivers are not well trained and do not follow basic traffic laws. Be aware of drivers under the influence of alcohol, pedestrians who are not aware of traffic, and children running into the road. Drivers have very limited visibility due to a lack of roadway illumination. Police control of traffic is limited, even in Port Vila. When driving, be alert at all times. Street signs and traffic lights are scarce or may not be in working order. 

Public Transportation: Taxi services are widely available in Port Vila and Luganville and are generally safe. Public bus and mini-bus services are also available, but safety standards may vary widely and information on routes may not be available in a published form. Incidences of petty theft are generally rare by are more frequent on public transportation.

See our Road Safety page for more information.

Contact Vanuatu’s national tourist office or the Vanuatu Police Force Traffic Section for more information on road safety.

Aviation Safety Oversight: As there is no direct commercial air service to the United States by carriers registered in Vanuatu, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not assessed the Government of Vanuatu’s Civil Aviation Authority for compliance with International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aviation safety standards. Further information may be found on the FAA’s safety assessment page .

Maritime Travel: Mariners planning travel to Vanuatu should also check for U.S. maritime advisories and alerts . Information may also be posted to the U.S. Coast Guard homeport website , and the NGA broadcast warnings .

For additional travel information

• Enroll in the  Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP)  to receive security messages and make it easier to locate you in an emergency.
• Call us in Washington, D.C. at 1-888-407-4747 (toll-free in the United States and Canada) or 1-202-501-4444 (from all other countries) from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except U.S. federal holidays).
• See the  State Department’s travel website  for the  Worldwide Caution  and  Travel Advisories .
• Follow us on  Twitter  and  Facebook .
• See  traveling safely abroad  for useful travel tips.

For additional IPCA-related information, please see the  International Child Abduction Prevention and Return Act (ICAPRA)  report.

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Vanuatu Travel Restrictions

Traveler's COVID-19 vaccination status

Traveling from the United States to Vanuatu

Open for vaccinated visitors

COVID-19 testing

Not required

Not required for vaccinated visitors

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Not required in public spaces, enclosed environments and public transportation.

Vanuatu entry details and exceptions

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Can I travel to Vanuatu from the United States?

Most visitors from the United States, regardless of vaccination status, can enter Vanuatu.

Can I travel to Vanuatu if I am vaccinated?

Fully vaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Vanuatu without restrictions.

Can I travel to Vanuatu without being vaccinated?

Unvaccinated visitors from the United States can enter Vanuatu without restrictions.

Do I need a COVID test to enter Vanuatu?

Visitors from the United States are not required to present a negative COVID-19 PCR test or antigen result upon entering Vanuatu.

Can I travel to Vanuatu without quarantine?

Travelers from the United States are not required to quarantine.

Do I need to wear a mask in Vanuatu?

Mask usage in Vanuatu is not required in public spaces, enclosed environments and public transportation.

Are the restaurants and bars open in Vanuatu?

Restaurants in Vanuatu are open. Bars in Vanuatu are .

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Vaccinations for Vanuatu

• Vaccinations for Papua New Guinea
• Yellow Fever

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis b.

• Corporate Vaccinations

As a travel destination, Vanuatu ticks almost all of the boxes, with an idyllic island lifestyle, fresh seafood and plenty of locally grown organic fruits and vegetables available. When it comes to staying healthy and avoiding diseases, this is also easy for travellers to Vanuatu. Read on to find out which vaccinations are usually recommended for travellers to Vanuatu. Make sure that you  speak with the doctor  about your travel plans and what vaccines might be required, as well as particular concerns or questions you might have.

This website provides general advice on vaccinations for Vanuatu and is not a substitute for adequate medical advice from the Travel Vaccination Clinic doctor or your own doctor. Please ensure you inform the doctor during your  appointment  if you are not completely up to date with routine vaccinations OR if you have previously had an adverse reaction to any vaccine or medication.

• Ensure you are up to date with childhood vaccinations
• Practice proper food safety and hygiene such as drinking boiled or bottled water, hand washing and eating in cleaner looking restaurants when possible
• Avoid mosquito bites where possible
• Inform the Travel Vaccination Clinic of your full travel plans and itinerary during your appointment

Which vaccinations are required for travel to Vanuatu?

Vanuatu is a relatively disease-free region of the world, and one of the few parts of the globe where the lifestyle supports fresh, healthy foods, outdoor activities and air, water and soil quality are good. There are a few key vaccines which you may need before visiting Vanuatu, however, so do ask about these before speaking to the Travel Vaccination Clinic doctor and let them know of all of your travel plans, including other destinations you may be visiting in the near future.

Routine Vaccinations

Make sure that you are up to date on all routine childhood vaccinations before visiting Vanuatu. This includes vaccinations for measles, mumps and rubella, chicken pox, polio and others. If you are unsure whether you have had the full round of childhood vaccines let the doctor know, and consider having any booster shots recommended to you. To get the most effective protection against diseases, ensure you visit the doctor around six weeks prior to leaving for Vanuatu so that there is time to administer any necessary shots and for them to take effect.

You may come into contact with the Hepatitis A virus through contaminated food or water in Vanuatu, and this vaccine is recommended for most travellers, especially if you do visit rural and remote areas or spend long periods of time staying in Vanuatu. For more information on this vaccine and general advice, please see the  Hepatitis A information page .

Typhoid exists in Vanuatu and can be passed on through contaminated food or water. Please read the general information on this vaccine on the  Typhoid information page . The typhoid vaccine will be strongly recommended if you are travelling to rural areas, visiting friends or relatives in Vanuatu, or if you are an adventurous eater. Please discuss your plans with the doctor for further advice.

Both Hepatitis A and Typhoid vaccinations can be administered in one shot, and this lasts for a number of years once given. Ask the Travel Vaccination Clinic about getting vaccinated against Hepatitis A and Typhoid, as well as taking food safety precautions.

Practicing good food safety hygiene, hand washing and following common sense procedures to avoid excessive contact with germs is always recommended no matte where you are travelling.

Hepatitis B can be transmitted (passed between people) through meeting new partners, getting a tattoo or piercing or undergo cosmetic medical procedures. The disease can be contracted through sexual contact, or exposure to needles or bodily fluids in general so the vaccine is highly recommended for anyone who might undertake activities that put them at risk of contracting Hepatitis B. If you have to undergo any medical procedure or visit a doctor in Vanuatu try to ensure the equipment is properly sterilised. For more information visit the  Hepatitis B page .

Malaria is transmitted to humans via mosquito bite, and mosquitos may be carrying the virus in Vanuatu. For further information on malaria in general, visit the  malaria information page .

There are precautions to take against mosquito bites such as using repellent, wearing long, loose clothing, using a mosquito net where possible and avoiding contact with flying insects, ask the doctor about these.

Book your appointment now at our Sydney CBD clinic, get instant confirmation.

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Exercise normal safety precautions in Vanuatu.

Vanuatu (PDF 680.48 KB)

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Local emergency contacts

Fire and rescue services, medical emergencies.

Call 115 for the Pro-Medical Ambulance Service (Port Vila and Lungaville only) or go to a hospital.

Call 111 or 22222 or go to the local police station.

Advice levels

Exercise normal safety precautions in Vanuatu. 

• The cyclone season is from November to April, but cyclones can happen at any time. Cyclones can disrupt services and cause property damage, injuries, and loss of life. In the event of a cyclone, follow the National Disaster Management Office and  Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department  advice. 
• Crime in Vanuatu is low. Crime tends to increase in the lead-up to holidays such as Independence Day (30 July) and Christmas. The risk is also higher at night or in isolated locations. Don't walk alone after dark.
• Earthquakes occur regularly. Tsunamis happen but aren't regular. If you hear a tsunami warning siren (Port Vila or Santo) or experience a long or strong tremor, move to higher ground and follow the instructions of local authorities. 
• Vanuatu has several active volcanoes, including under-sea volcanoes. Before traveling to volcanic areas, visit the  Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department  website for the latest volcanic activity advice.
• There's been an increase in reports of shark sightings and attacks in Port Vila. Exercise caution when undertaking water-based activities. Follow the advice and instructions of local authorities. 

Full travel advice: Safety

• Malaria occurs in Vanuatu, especially in the north of the country. Consider taking anti-malaria medication if you're travelling to affected areas. Dengue can occur anywhere in Vanuatu. Ensure your accommodation is insect-proof. Use insect repellent.
• Vanuatu has had Zika virus, rubella, mumps, measles, and chickenpox cases. Check your vaccinations are up to date before you travel.
• Tap water in Port Vila, and Luganville is generally safe to drink but can be affected following cyclones or heavy rains. Outside these areas, drink boiled or bottled water.
• Medical facilities are limited. If you're ill or injured, you may need medical evacuation. This can be expensive and hard to organise. Check if your travel insurance covers this.

Full travel advice: Health

• Don't use or carry illegal drugs. If you're convicted of a drug offence, you could face fines or jail time.
• Know the local laws. There are strict rules regarding obscene material. Penalties include prison sentences.
• Be aware of laws around alcohol. It's illegal for supermarkets to sell alcohol between midday Saturday and 7am Monday. You can still buy alcohol in hotels, bars and clubs.
• Vanuatu recognises dual nationality. If you don't travel on your Australian passport, our ability to provide consular services is limited.
• Vanuatu is a religious country (predominantly Christian) and standards of dress and behaviour are modest. Take care not to offend.

Same-sex relationships are legal but aren't widely accepted. Avoid public displays of affection.

Full travel advice: Local laws

Air Vanuatu is not currently operating flights. Check with your travel agent if your ticket may be affected, including by changes to codeshare arrangements. Vanuatu continues to be serviced by other international airlines. If you're affected by cancellations, contact your travel agent or insurance company about rescheduling flights.

• You'll need to apply for a tourist visa to enter Vanuatu when you arrive at the airport. This allows you to visit Vanuatu for up to 120 days. If you're not a tourist or you plan to stay longer, you'll need a visa. Entry and exit conditions can change at short notice. You should contact the nearest high commission or consulate of Vanuatu for the latest details.

Full travel advice: Travel

Local contacts

• The Consular Services Charter tells you what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.
• Contact the Australian High Commission in Port Vila for consular assistance.
• To stay up to date with local information, follow the High Commission’s social media accounts.

Full travel advice: Local contacts

Full advice

Violent crime.

Crime against travellers in Vanuatu is rare. 

However, travellers and foreign residents have been  robbed ,  assaulted  and  sexually assaulted  in Vanuatu.

The risk of violent crime is higher:

• in isolated places
• when you're alone

Like elsewhere, crime in Vanuatu tends to increase on weekends and in the weeks leading up to holidays, such as  Christmas  and Independence Day (30 July).

To protect yourself from crime:

• watch your belongings on buses and taxis, especially at night
• don't go out alone after dark or to isolated places, especially on foot
• always keep your vehicle and accommodation locked
• be alert to suspicious behaviour
• be aware of opportunistic theft. Secure belongings in locked luggage or hotel safe when unattended. 

More information:

• Advice for women travellers

Cyber security

You may be at risk of cyber-based threats during overseas travel to any country. Digital identity theft is a growing concern. Your devices and personal data can be compromised, especially if you're connecting to Wi-Fi, using or connecting to shared or public computers, or to Bluetooth. 

Social media can also be risky in destinations where there are social or political tensions or laws that may seem unreasonable by Australian standards. Travellers have been arrested for things they have said on social media. Don't comment on local or political events on your social media. 

More information:  

• Cyber security when travelling overseas  

Civil unrest and political tension

Civil unrest isn't common in Vanuatu. However, public protests and events that draw large groups of people have on occasion turned violent.

To protect yourself during any periods of unrest:

• avoid large crowds and big public gatherings
• monitor local media for possible unrest, protest locations or roadblocks
• follow the advice of local authorities

Demonstrations and civil unrest

Terrorism is a threat worldwide.

Tours and adventure activities

Not all tour operators follow safety and maintenance standards.

If you plan to do a tour or  adventure activity :

• check if your travel insurance policy covers it
• ask about and insist on minimum safety requirements
• always use available safety gear, such as life jackets or seatbelts.

If proper safety equipment isn't available, use another provider.

Climate and natural disasters

Tropical cyclones judy, kevin and lola.

Vanuatu continues to recover from the impacts of Cyclones Judy, Kevin and Lola, which have caused widespread damage. There still may be disruptions to infrastructure, services and telecommunications in some locations. 

Natural disasters and severe weather  in Vanuatu includes:

• volcanic activity
• earthquakes

Get updates on weather conditions, forecasts, natural disaster watches and warnings before and during your stay.

Monitor local and regional weather and disaster sites (see below), and plan accordingly.

If a natural disaster occurs:

• secure your passport in a safe, waterproof place
• monitor local media and other sources
• keep in contact with your friends and family at home
• Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department​
• Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office
• Fiji Meteorological Service
• Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System
• Joint Typhoon Warning Center, US Navy

Tropical storms and cyclones

The cyclone season is from November to April. Tropical storms and cyclones can also occur in other months. They can disrupt essential services and cause property damage, injuries, and loss of life. The direction and strength of a tropical cyclone can change suddenly. Cyclones can bring:

• torrential rains
• storm surges
• flash flooding
• winds up to 300km/h

The  Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office  has a  colour-coded cyclone alert system  that includes safety procedures to follow during a cyclone.

If a cyclone or tropical storm occurs:

• you may get stuck where you are
• flights could be delayed or suspended
• available flights may fill quickly
• the storm may affect access to seaports
• safe shelter may not be available

To prepare for a cyclone or tropical storm:

• know the evacuation plan for your hotel, cruise ship, or other accommodation
• identify your local shelter
• follow the instructions of local authorities

Monitor advice from the  Vanuatu National Disaster Management Office  and the  Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department​ .

Flooding can occur in Vanuatu during and after cyclones and severe rain events, including:

• flash floods - from heavy rains, and overflowing/burst dams
• river floods - often from seasonal rains or severe rain events
• coastal floods - from tsunamis, storm surges and severe weather events such as cyclones

If flooding occurs:

• take official warnings seriously

Earthquakes 

Earthquakes occur regularly in Vanuatu. Minor tremors, under a magnitude of 4.0, are very common and usually have minimal impact on people and property.

Extreme shaking from major earthquakes above a magnitude of 6.0, can:

• cause tsunamis
• cause landslides and mudslides
• collapse buildings
• break gas and water lines, underground and in buildings
• knock down electricity lines

Tsunamis 

Tsunamis can occur in Vanuatu and are caused by strong and sudden movement in the ocean. This usually happens when there's an undersea  earthquake , landslide, or volcanic eruption.

A tsunami can arrive within minutes of a nearby tremor or earthquake. It can also occur if no earthquake is felt.

Vanuatu has tsunami warning sirens in Port Vila and Luganville. If you hear tsunami warning sirens or feel a long or strong tremor (lasts more than a minute or makes it hard to stand up). You should:

• move to high ground or as far inland as possible, if you are near the coast or in a low-lying area 
• follow the advice of local authorities ( Vanuatu Natural Disaster Management Office  and the  Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department ).

You can follow: 

• the Pacific/ U.S. Tsunami Warning System 
• the  Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System;  and/or
• Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department

Vanuatu has several active volcanoes, including several under-sea volcanoes. Volcanoes are active on the islands of:

Visiting an active volcano can be dangerous.

Pay attention to alerts. Alert levels go from 0 (normal, low-level activity) to 5 (very large eruption, island-wide danger).

A Level 3 alert triggers warnings to avoid the volcano summit and nearby areas. Even at lower levels, explosions and injuries from volcanic debris are possible.

Alert levels and access to volcanoes can change quickly. Before traveling to volcanic areas, visit the  Vanuatu Meteorological and Geo-Hazards Department  website for the latest volcanic activity advice. If there is a volcanic eruption:

Travel insurance

Get comprehensive travel insurance before you leave. 

Your policy needs to cover all overseas medical costs, including medical evacuation. The Australian Government won’t pay for these costs.

If you can't afford travel insurance, you can't afford to travel. This applies to everyone, no matter how healthy and fit you are.

If you're not insured, you may have to pay many thousands of dollars up-front for medical care.

• what activities and care your policy covers
• that your insurance covers you for the whole time you'll be away

Physical and mental health

Consider your physical and mental health before you travel, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

See your doctor or travel clinic to:

• have a basic health check-up
• ask if your travel plans may affect your health
• plan any vaccinations you need

Do this at least 8 weeks before you leave.

If you have immediate concerns for your welfare, or the welfare of another Australian, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on +61 2 6261 3305 or contact your  nearest Australian Embassy, High Commission or Consulate  to discuss counselling hotlines and services available in your location.

• General health advice
• Healthy holiday tips  (Health direct Australia)

Not all medication available over the counter or by prescription in Australia is available in Vanuatu. Some may even be considered illegal or a controlled substance, even if prescribed by an Australian doctor.

You'll find pharmacies in urban centres or at local clinics. They normally only open during business hours. A few urban pharmacies may open on Sunday or public holidays.

If you plan to bring medication, check if it's legal in Vanuatu. Take enough legal medication for your trip.

Carry a copy of your prescription or a letter from your doctor stating:

• what the medication is
• your required dosage
• that it's for personal use

Health risks

Malaria  occurs in some areas of Vanuatu, particularly in the north. Consider taking medication to prevent malaria if you plan to travel to affected areas. Discuss options with your doctor.

Outbreaks of other insect-borne diseases also occur across Vanuatu. These include:

To protect yourself from these diseases:

• make sure your accommodation is insect-proof
• use insect repellent
• wear long, loose, light-coloured clothing

See a doctor if you have a fever, muscle pain, a rash or a bad headache.

Other infectious risks

• pertussis  (whooping cough)
• varicella  (chickenpox)

Discuss options with your doctor if:

• your vaccinations aren't up to date
• you're travelling with children or babies who haven't finished their recommended vaccinations

Waterborne, foodborne, parasitic and other infectious diseases can occur in Vanuatu. These include:

• leptospirosis
• tuberculosis
• sexually transmitted infections

Tap water in the major urban centres of Port Vila, and Luganville is generally safe to drink. Water may be affected following cyclones, heavy rain or volcanic ash fall.

To protect yourself from illness:

• avoid raw or undercooked food, such as salads
• outside of Port Vila and Luganville, drink boiled water or bottled water with sealed lids
• avoid ice cubes

See a doctor if you develop a fever or diarrhoea.

• Infectious diseases

Fish poisoning

Eating reef fish can result in  ciguatera poisoning . Ciguatera is a naturally occurring seafood toxin.

Get urgent medical help if you suspect poisoning.

Medical care

Medical facilities.

Hospital and medical facilities in Vanuatu are limited.

Costs for treatment, including medication, can be high. Doctors and hospitals often require immediate cash payments.

If you become seriously ill or injured, you'll need to be evacuated. Medical evacuation is expensive and hard to organise. 

The only hyperbaric chamber in Vanuatu is in Port Vila. Many popular dive sites are located on other islands.

If you're in a diving accident, it may take hours or days to reach the necessary medical facilities. The standard of rescue and emergency services is not as high as in Australia.

You're subject to all local laws and penalties. Research local laws before travelling.

If you're arrested or jailed, the Australian Government will do what it can to help you under our Consular Services Charter . However, we can't get you out of trouble or out of jail.

If you commit a drug offence, penalties can include fines and jail sentences. 

Carrying or using drugs

Obscene publications

It's illegal to import, possess, distribute, display or produce obscene publications. The rules about what is obscene are stricter than in Australia. Penalties include prison sentences.

Alcohol sales

Selling alcohol in supermarkets and similar outlets between midday Saturday and 7am Monday is illegal.

During these times, alcohol may still be served at clubs, bars and hotels.

Australian laws

Some Australian criminal laws still apply when you're overseas. If you break these laws, you may face prosecution in Australia.

Staying within the law and respecting customs

Dual citizenship

Vanuatu recognises dual nationality.

If you're a dual citizen, this limits the consular services we can provide if you're arrested or detained.

Always travel on your Australian passport .

Dual nationals

Local customs

Vanuatu has modest standards of dress and behaviour. Take care not to offend.

Advice for LGBTQIA+ travellers

Visas and border measures

Every country or territory decides who can enter or leave through its borders. For specific information about the evidence you'll need to enter a foreign destination, check with the nearest embassy, consulate or immigration department of the destination you're entering. 

You can apply for a tourist visa on arrival if:

• you're visiting Vanuatu purposely for tourism and leisure for up to 120 days 
• you have a booking with an accredited tourism facility or carry a letter of support from family/friends if staying at private accommodation
• you hold a return ticket
• your passport is valid for a minimum period of 6 months from the date of entry to Vanuatu.

Tourist visas are subject to the following conditions:

• engaging in employment, commercial or business activities is not permitted.
•  is valid for single entry only.
• may not be converted to a different visa status, e.g. business visa, while in Vanuatu.
• On-shore extension of tourist visas is not permitted.
• Vanuatu Department of Immigration and Passport Service

Other formalities

Customs and biosecurity.

Customs authorities enforce strict rules on importing items, such as:

• obscene material
• Vanuatu Customs and Inland Revenue Department
• Biosecurity Vanuatu
• Vanuatu Department of Immigration  

Some countries won't let you enter unless your passport is valid for 6 months after you plan to leave that country. This can apply even if you're just transiting or stopping over.

Some foreign governments and airlines apply the rule inconsistently. Travellers can receive conflicting advice from different sources.

You can end up stranded if your passport is not valid for more than 6 months.

The Australian Government does not set these rules. Check your passport's expiry date before you travel. If you're not sure it'll be valid for long enough, consider getting a  new passport . 

Lost or stolen passport

Your passport is a valuable document. It's attractive to people who may try to use your identity to commit crimes.

Some people may try to trick you into giving them your passport. Always keep it in a safe place.

If your passport is lost or stolen, let the Australian Government know as soon as possible:

In Australia, contact the Australian Passport Information Service .

If you're overseas, contact the nearest Australian embassy or consulate .

Passport with 'X' gender identifier 

Although Australian passports comply with international standards for sex and gender, we can't guarantee that a passport showing 'X' in the sex field will be accepted for entry or transit by another country. Contact the nearest  embassy, high commission or consulate of your destination  before you arrive at the border to confirm if authorities will accept passports with 'X' gender markers. 

• LGBTQIA+ travellers  

The local currency is the Vanuatu Vatu (VUV). Small shops and local market stalls only accept Vatu.

In Port Vila, you can use Australian dollars at some: shops, restaurants, and hotels.

You can use credit cards in Port Vila, but they're less widely accepted elsewhere.

Ask your bank if your ATM card will work in Vanuatu.

Local travel

Beach and land access.

To avoid trespassing, ask local landowners before going to non-public areas, including beaches.

Some landowners may charge a fee for access.

Driving permit

You can drive in Vanuatu on an Australian driver's licence for up to 3 months.

After that, you'll need a local licence.

Road travel

Road travel in Vanuatu can be dangerous. Roads are often:

• poorly maintained

Pedestrians often walk on roads and can be hard to see, especially at night.

Vehicles in Vanuatu drive on the right-hand side of the road.

If you plan to drive in Vanuatu:

• check your travel insurance covers you
• learn local traffic laws and practices before driving

Driving or riding

Motorcycles

Check if your travel insurance covers you for riding a motorbike, quad bike or similar vehicle.

Always wear a helmet.

Only use registered taxis. Try to arrange these through your hotel or resort.

Public transport

There's no formal public transport system in Vanuatu.

In Port Vila and some areas, transport is available through privately owned:

• small buses

Public transport vehicles can be poorly maintained. Many don't have insurance.

By law, inter-island boats and ferries must have a current seaworthy certificate. However, many don't. Look into their safety before taking these services.

Several international cruises schedule stopovers in Vanuatu.

Arrival into Vanuatu by private yacht is subject to approval processes and quarantine. See the Travel section.

Travelling by boat

International and domestic flights can be disrupted at short notice by natural disasters, aircraft issues and other events. Air Vanuatu publishes flight schedules on their  Facebook  page. 

Travel to outer islands is often on small local aircraft. DFAT doesn't provide information on the safety of individual commercial airlines or flight paths. However, travelling between islands on small aircraft with two engines and on aircraft with scheduled flights is recommended.

Many domestic airports have basic or no facilities.

Airstrips are generally short. Runways are mostly unsealed.

Schedules may be changed or suspended at short notice due to the following:

• weather conditions
• ash clouds from volcanic activity

Check  Vanuatu's air safety profile  with the Aviation Safety Network.

•   Air travel

Emergencies

Depending on what you need, contact your:

• family and friends
• travel agent
• insurance provider

Call the ProMedical Ambulance Service on 115 (Port Vila and Luganville only) or go to a hospital.

Call 111 or 22222, or go to the local police station.

Always get a police report when you report a crime.

Your insurer should have a 24-hour emergency number.

Consular contacts

Check the Consular Services Charter for what the Australian Government can and can't do to help you overseas.

For consular help, contact the Australian High Commission in Port Vila. 

Australian High Commission, Port Vila

Winston Churchill Avenue Port Vila, Vanuatu

Phone: +678 22 777 Website: vanuatu.embassy.gov.au Email: [email protected] Facebook: @AustralianHighCommissionVanuatu X: @AusHCVanuatu

Check the High Commission website for details about opening hours and any temporary closures.

24-hour Consular Emergency Centre

In a consular emergency, if you can't contact an embassy, call the 24-hour Consular Emergency Centre on:

• +61 2 6261 3305 from overseas
• 1300 555 135 in Australia

Travelling to Vanuatu?

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Travel vaccination

Imac is unable to provide vaccination advice for travellers..

Advice is available in centres specialising in travellers’ health and vaccination in the larger cities in New Zealand. In most towns and cities general practitioners are also able to provide advice and recommended vaccinations.

Click here for travel health advice from the Ministry of Health.

Links from this website to non-IMAC websites are for information only and do not constitute endorsement, expressed or implied, by IMAC. These websites are not managed by the Immunisation Advisory Centre. We do not review, control or take responsibility for the content on these sites although we believe the sites provide credible information. If you would like to discuss content on any of these websites please contact us .

Travel advice can also be obtained from the following websites:

New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade - Manatū Aorere https://www.safetravel.govt.nz/ ‍

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Travellers' Health http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/ ‍

MD Travel Health - Complete travel health information, updated daily, for physicians and travellers https://redplanet.travel/mdtravelhealth ‍

World Health Organization - International Travel and Health http://www.who.int/ith/vaccines/en/ ‍

Country specific vaccine recommendations and disease surveillance information

http://travelhealthpro.org.uk/countries ‍

Travel health information from the UK

http://www.fitfortravel.nhs.uk/home.aspx

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Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccination: What Everyone Should Know

CDC recommends that people get MMR vaccine to protect against measles, mumps, and rubella. Children should get two doses of MMR vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12 to 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age. Teens and adults should also be up to date on their MMR vaccination. Two MMR vaccines are available for use in the United States, M-M-R II and PRIORIX.  M-M-R II and PRIORIX are fully interchangeable for all indications for which MMR vaccination is recommended. Children may also get MMRV vaccine , which protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). This vaccine is only licensed for use in children who are 12 months through 12 years of age.

• Who Should Get MMR Vaccine?

CDC recommends all children get two doses of MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12 through 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age. Children can receive the second dose earlier as long as it is at least 28 days after the first dose.

Learn about MMRV vaccine , which protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). This vaccine is only licensed for use in children who are 12 months through 12 years of age.

Students at post-high school educational institutions

Students at post-high school educational institutions who do not have presumptive  evidence of immunity need two doses of MMR vaccine, separated by at least 28 days.

Adults who do not have presumptive  evidence of immunity should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine.

Certain adults may need 2 doses. Adults who are going to be in a setting that poses a high risk for measles or mumps transmission should make sure they have had two doses separated by at least 28 days. These adults include

• students at post-high school education institutions
• healthcare personnel
• international travelers

International travelers

People 6 months of age and older who will be traveling internationally should be protected against measles. Before any international travel—

• Infants 6 through 11 months of age should receive one dose of MMR vaccine. Infants who get one dose of MMR vaccine before their first birthday should get two more doses (one dose at 12 through 15 months of age and another dose separated by at least 28 days).
• Children 12 months of age and older should receive two doses of MMR vaccine, separated by at least 28 days.
• Teenagers and adults who do not have presumptive  evidence of immunity against measles should get two doses of MMR vaccine separated by at least 28 days.

See also, Travel Information ( Measles | Mumps | Rubella )

Healthcare personnel

Healthcare personnel should have documented presumptive  evidence of immunity , according to the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [48 pages] . Healthcare personnel without evidence of immunity should get two doses of MMR vaccine, separated by at least 28 days.

Who Should Not Get MMR Vaccine?

Who does not need mmr vaccine, how well does the mmr vaccine work, what is mmrv vaccine, should you get vaccinated after being exposed to measles, mumps, or rubella, what are the childcare and school requirements for mmr vaccine, how can parents pay for mmr vaccine, educational materials, for healthcare providers.

• Measles information for Healthcare Providers
• Measles Outbreak Communication Toolkits

Planning a trip outside the U.S.?

Find out if you need measles vaccine

Women of Childbearing Age

Women of childbearing age should check with their doctor to make sure they are vaccinated before they get pregnant. Women of childbearing age who are not pregnant and do not have presumptive evidence of immunity should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine.

It is safe for breastfeeding women to receive MMR vaccination. Breastfeeding does not interfere with the response to MMR vaccine, and the baby will not be affected by the vaccine through breast milk.

Groups at increased risk for mumps because of a mumps outbreak

During a mumps outbreak, public health authorities might recommend an additional dose of MMR vaccine for people who belong to groups at increased risk for getting mumps. These groups are usually those who are likely to have close contact, such as sharing sport equipment or drinks, kissing, or living in close quarters, with a person who has mumps. Your local public health authorities or institution will communicate to the groups at increased risk that they should receive this dose. If you already have two doses of MMR, it is not necessary to seek out vaccination unless you are part of this group.

  Top of Page

Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine

Some people should not get MMR vaccine or should wait.

Tell your vaccine provider if the person getting the vaccine:

• Has any severe, life-threatening allergies. A person who has ever had a life-threatening allergic reaction after a dose of MMR vaccine, or has a severe allergy to any part of this vaccine, may be advised not to be vaccinated. Ask your health care provider if you want information about vaccine components.
• Is pregnant or thinks she might be pregnant. Pregnant women should wait to get MMR vaccine until after they are no longer pregnant. Women should avoid getting pregnant for at least 1 month after getting MMR vaccine.
• Has a weakened immune system due to disease (such as cancer or HIV/AIDS) or medical treatments (such as radiation, immunotherapy, steroids, or chemotherapy).
• Has a parent, brother, or sister with a history of immune system problems.
• Has ever had a condition that makes them bruise or bleed easily.
• Has recently had a blood transfusion or received other blood products. You might be advised to postpone MMR vaccination for 3 months or more.
• Has tuberculosis.
• Has gotten any other vaccines in the past 4 weeks. Live vaccines given too close together might not work as well.
• Is not feeling well. A mild illness, such as a cold, is usually not a reason to postpone a vaccination. Someone who is moderately or severely ill should probably wait. Your doctor can advise you.

This information was taken directly from the MMR (Measles, Mumps & Rubella) Vaccine information Statement (VIS) dated 2/12/2018.

Learn who should not get MMRV vaccine , which protects against measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). This vaccine is only licensed for use in children who are 12 months through 12 years of age.

You do not need measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine if you meet any of these criteria for presumptive evidence of immunity*:

• at least one dose of a measles, mumps, and rubella virus-containing vaccine administered on or after the first birthday for preschool-age children and adults not at high risk for exposure and transmission
• two doses of measles and mumps virus-containing vaccine for school-age children and adults at high risk for exposure and transmission, including college students, healthcare personnel, international travelers, and groups at increased risk during outbreaks
• You have laboratory confirmation of past infection or had blood tests that show you are immune to measles, mumps, and rubella.
• You were born before 1957.**

If you do not have presumptive evidence of immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella, talk with your doctor about getting vaccinated. If you’re unsure whether you’ve been vaccinated, you should first try to find your vaccination records . If you do not have written documentation of MMR vaccine, you should get vaccinated. The MMR vaccine is safe, and there is no harm in getting another dose if you may already be immune to measles, mumps, or rubella.

If you received a measles vaccine in the 1960s, you may not need to be revaccinated. People who have documentation of receiving LIVE measles vaccine in the 1960s do not need to be revaccinated. People who were vaccinated prior to 1968 with either inactivated (killed) measles vaccine or measles vaccine of unknown type should be revaccinated with at least one dose of live attenuated measles vaccine. This recommendation is intended to protect those who may have received killed measles vaccine, which was available in 1963-1967 and was not effective.

*Except during a mumps outbreak. During a mumps outbreak public health authorities might recommend an additional dose of MMR vaccine for people who belong to groups at increased risk for getting mumps, regardless if they meet the criteria listed above.

**Birth before 1957 provides only presumptive evidence for measles, mumps, and rubella. Before vaccines were available, nearly everyone was infected with measles, mumps, and rubella viruses during childhood. The majority of people born before 1957 are likely to have been infected naturally and therefore are presumed to be protected against measles, mumps, and rubella. Healthcare personnel born before 1957 without laboratory evidence of immunity or disease should consider getting two doses of MMR vaccine.

MMR vaccine is very effective at protecting people against measles, mumps, and rubella, and preventing the complications caused by these diseases. People who receive MMR vaccination according to the U.S. vaccination schedule are usually considered protected for life against measles and rubella. While MMR provides effective protection against mumps for most people, immunity against mumps may decrease over time and some people may no longer be protected against mumps later in life. An additional dose may be needed if you are at risk because of a mumps outbreak.

One dose of MMR vaccine is 93% effective against measles, 78% effective against mumps, and 97% effective against rubella.

Two doses of MMR vaccine are 97% effective against measles and 88% effective against mumps.

MMR is an attenuated (weakened) live virus vaccine. This means that after injection, the viruses cause a harmless infection in the vaccinated person with very few, if any, symptoms before they are eliminated from the body. The person’s immune system fights the infection caused by these weakened viruses, and immunity (the body’s protection from the virus) develops.

Some people who get two doses of MMR vaccine may still get measles, mumps, or rubella if they are exposed to the viruses that cause these diseases. Experts aren’t sure why; it could be that their immune systems didn’t respond as well as they should have to the vaccine or their immune system’s ability to fight the infection decreased over time. However, disease symptoms are generally milder in vaccinated people.

• About 3 out of 100 people who get two doses of MMR vaccine will get measles if exposed to the virus. However, they are more likely to have a milder illness, and are also less likely to spread the disease to other people.
• Two doses of MMR vaccine are 88% (range 32% to 95%) effective at preventing mumps. Mumps outbreaks can still occur in highly vaccinated U.S. communities, particularly in settings where people have close, prolonged contact, such as universities and close-knit communities. During an outbreak, public health authorities may recommend an additional dose of MMR for people who belong to groups at increased risk for mumps. An additional dose can help improve protection against mumps disease and related complications.
• While there are not many studies available, most people who do not respond to the rubella component of the first MMR dose would be expected to respond to the second dose.

MMRV vaccine protects against four diseases: measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox). This vaccine is only licensed for use in children 12 months through 12 years of age.

CDC recommends that children get one dose of MMRV vaccine at 12 through 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age. Children can receive the second dose of MMRV vaccine earlier than 4 through 6 years. This second dose of MMRV vaccine can be given 3 months after the first dose. A doctor can help parents decide whether to use this vaccine or MMR vaccine.

MMRV is given by shot and may be given at the same time as other vaccines.

Please see the MMRV Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) for more information about who should not get MMRV vaccine or should wait.

For more information, see

• Factsheet: Two Options for Protecting Your Child Against Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV)
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MMRV) Vaccine
• Frequently Asked Questions about Multiple Vaccinations and the Immune System
• Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccination

If you do not have immunity against measles , mumps , and rubella  and are exposed to someone with one of these diseases, talk with your doctor about getting MMR vaccine. It is not harmful to get MMR vaccine after being exposed to measles, mumps, or rubella, and doing so may possibly prevent later disease.

If you get MMR vaccine within 72 hours of initially being exposed to measles, you may get some protection against the disease, or have milder illness. In other cases, you may be  given a medicine called immunoglobulin (IG) within six days of being exposed to measles, to provide some protection against the disease, or have milder illness.

Unlike with measles, MMR has not been shown to be effective at preventing mumps or rubella in people already infected with the virus (i.e., post-exposure vaccination is not recommended).

During outbreaks of measles or mumps, everyone without presumptive evidence of immunity should be brought up to date on their MMR vaccination. And some people who are already up to date on their MMR vaccination may be recommended to get an additional dose of MMR for added protection against disease.

All 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have state laws that require children entering childcare or public schools to have certain vaccinations. There is no federal law that requires this.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all states require children entering childcare, and students starting school, college, and other postsecondary educational institutions to be up to date on MMR vaccination:

• 1 dose is recommended for preschool-aged children 12 months or older
• 2 doses are recommended for school-aged children in kindergarten through grade 12 as well as students attending colleges or other post-high school educational institutions

For more information, see State Vaccination Requirements .

Most health insurance plans cover the cost of vaccines. But you may want to check with your health insurance provider before going to the doctor. Learn how to pay for vaccines.

If you don’t have insurance or if your insurance does not cover vaccines for your child, the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program  may be able to help. This program helps families of eligible children who might not otherwise have access to vaccines. To find out if your child is eligible, visit the VFC website or ask your child’s doctor. You can also contact your state VFC coordinator .

• Measles ( In English | En Español )
• Mumps  (In English | En Español )
• Rubella (In English | En Español )
• Information on vaccines.gov ( Measles | Mumps | Rubella | Varicella )
• Measles: Vaccine for Measles
• Mumps: Be Sure Your Child Is Fully Immunized
• Rubella: Make Sure Your Child Gets Vaccinated
• What Would Happen If We Stopped Vaccinations?
• Questions and Answers, Immunization Action Coalition ( Measles [4 pages] | Mumps [4 pages] | Rubella [4 pages] )
• Measles, mumps, and rubella are serious diseases…Make sure your child is protected!, Immunization Action Coalition ( In English [1 page] | En Español [1 page] | по-русски [1 page] )
• MMR=measles, mumps, and rubella combination vaccine
• MMRV = measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella combination vaccine
• Measles=Rubeola
• Measles = ”10-day,” “hard” and “red” measles
• Rubella = also called “German” or “3-day” measles
• CRS = Congenital Rubella Syndrome

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• Patient Care & Health Information
• Diseases & Conditions
• Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

COVID-19, also called coronavirus disease 2019, is an illness caused by a virus. The virus is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, or more commonly, SARS-CoV-2. It started spreading at the end of 2019 and became a pandemic disease in 2020.

• Coronavirus

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses. These viruses cause illnesses such as the common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

The virus that causes COVID-19 spreads most commonly through the air in tiny droplets of fluid between people in close contact. Many people with COVID-19 have no symptoms or mild illness. But for older adults and people with certain medical conditions, COVID-19 can lead to the need for care in the hospital or death.

Staying up to date on your COVID-19 vaccine helps prevent serious illness, the need for hospital care due to COVID-19 and death from COVID-19 . Other ways that may help prevent the spread of this coronavirus includes good indoor air flow, physical distancing, wearing a mask in the right setting and good hygiene.

Medicine can limit the seriousness of the viral infection. Most people recover without long-term effects, but some people have symptoms that continue for months.

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Typical COVID-19 symptoms often show up 2 to 14 days after contact with the virus.

Symptoms can include:

• Shortness of breath.
• Loss of taste or smell.
• Extreme tiredness, called fatigue.
• Digestive symptoms such as upset stomach, vomiting or loose stools, called diarrhea.
• Pain, such as headaches and body or muscle aches.
• Fever or chills.
• Cold-like symptoms such as congestion, runny nose or sore throat.

People may only have a few symptoms or none. People who have no symptoms but test positive for COVID-19 are called asymptomatic. For example, many children who test positive don't have symptoms of COVID-19 illness. People who go on to have symptoms are considered presymptomatic. Both groups can still spread COVID-19 to others.

Some people may have symptoms that get worse about 7 to 14 days after symptoms start.

Most people with COVID-19 have mild to moderate symptoms. But COVID-19 can cause serious medical complications and lead to death. Older adults or people who already have medical conditions are at greater risk of serious illness.

COVID-19 may be a mild, moderate, severe or critical illness.

• In broad terms, mild COVID-19 doesn't affect the ability of the lungs to get oxygen to the body.
• In moderate COVID-19 illness, the lungs also work properly but there are signs that the infection is deep in the lungs.
• Severe COVID-19 means that the lungs don't work correctly, and the person needs oxygen and other medical help in the hospital.
• Critical COVID-19 illness means the lung and breathing system, called the respiratory system, has failed and there is damage throughout the body.

Rarely, people who catch the coronavirus can develop a group of symptoms linked to inflamed organs or tissues. The illness is called multisystem inflammatory syndrome. When children have this illness, it is called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, shortened to MIS -C. In adults, the name is MIS -A.

When to see a doctor

Contact a healthcare professional if you test positive for COVID-19 . If you have symptoms and need to test for COVID-19 , or you've been exposed to someone with COVID-19 , a healthcare professional can help.

People who are at high risk of serious illness may get medicine to block the spread of the COVID-19 virus in the body. Or your healthcare team may plan regular checks to monitor your health.

Get emergency help right away for any of these symptoms:

• Can't catch your breath or have problems breathing.
• Skin, lips or nail beds that are pale, gray or blue.
• New confusion.
• Trouble staying awake or waking up.
• Chest pain or pressure that is constant.

This list doesn't include every emergency symptom. If you or a person you're taking care of has symptoms that worry you, get help. Let the healthcare team know about a positive test for COVID-19 or symptoms of the illness.

More Information

• COVID-19 vs. flu: Similarities and differences
• COVID-19, cold, allergies and the flu
• Unusual symptoms of coronavirus

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COVID-19 is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, also called SARS-CoV-2.

The coronavirus spreads mainly from person to person, even from someone who is infected but has no symptoms. When people with COVID-19 cough, sneeze, breathe, sing or talk, their breath may be infected with the COVID-19 virus.

The coronavirus carried by a person's breath can land directly on the face of a nearby person, after a sneeze or cough, for example. The droplets or particles the infected person breathes out could possibly be breathed in by other people if they are close together or in areas with low air flow. And a person may touch a surface that has respiratory droplets and then touch their face with hands that have the coronavirus on them.

It's possible to get COVID-19 more than once.

• Over time, the body's defense against the COVID-19 virus can fade.
• A person may be exposed to so much of the virus that it breaks through their immune defense.
• As a virus infects a group of people, the virus copies itself. During this process, the genetic code can randomly change in each copy. The changes are called mutations. If the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 changes in ways that make previous infections or vaccination less effective at preventing infection, people can get sick again.

The virus that causes COVID-19 can infect some pets. Cats, dogs, hamsters and ferrets have caught this coronavirus and had symptoms. It's rare for a person to get COVID-19 from a pet.

Risk factors

The main risk factors for COVID-19 are:

• If someone you live with has COVID-19 .
• If you spend time in places with poor air flow and a higher number of people when the virus is spreading.
• If you spend more than 30 minutes in close contact with someone who has COVID-19 .

Many factors affect your risk of catching the virus that causes COVID-19 . How long you are in contact, if the space has good air flow and your activities all affect the risk. Also, if you or others wear masks, if someone has COVID-19 symptoms and how close you are affects your risk. Close contact includes sitting and talking next to one another, for example, or sharing a car or bedroom.

It seems to be rare for people to catch the virus that causes COVID-19 from an infected surface. While the virus is shed in waste, called stool, COVID-19 infection from places such as a public bathroom is not common.

Serious COVID-19 illness risk factors

Some people are at a higher risk of serious COVID-19 illness than others. This includes people age 65 and older as well as babies younger than 6 months. Those age groups have the highest risk of needing hospital care for COVID-19 .

Not every risk factor for serious COVID-19 illness is known. People of all ages who have no other medical issues have needed hospital care for COVID-19 .

Known risk factors for serious illness include people who have not gotten a COVID-19 vaccine. Serious illness also is a higher risk for people who have:

• Sickle cell disease or thalassemia.
• Serious heart diseases and possibly high blood pressure.
• Chronic kidney, liver or lung diseases.

People with dementia or Alzheimer's also are at higher risk, as are people with brain and nervous system conditions such as stroke. Smoking increases the risk of serious COVID-19 illness. And people with a body mass index in the overweight category or obese category may have a higher risk as well.

Other medical conditions that may raise the risk of serious illness from COVID-19 include:

• Cancer or a history of cancer.
• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
• Weakened immune system from solid organ transplants or bone marrow transplants, some medicines, or HIV .

This list is not complete. Factors linked to a health issue may raise the risk of serious COVID-19 illness too. Examples are a medical condition where people live in a group home, or lack of access to medical care. Also, people with more than one health issue, or people of older age who also have health issues have a higher chance of severe illness.

Related information

• COVID-19: Who's at higher risk of serious symptoms? - Related information COVID-19: Who's at higher risk of serious symptoms?

Complications

Complications of COVID-19 include long-term loss of taste and smell, skin rashes, and sores. The illness can cause trouble breathing or pneumonia. Medical issues a person already manages may get worse.

Complications of severe COVID-19 illness can include:

• Acute respiratory distress syndrome, when the body's organs do not get enough oxygen.
• Shock caused by the infection or heart problems.
• Overreaction of the immune system, called the inflammatory response.
• Blood clots.
• Kidney injury.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome

After a COVID-19 infection, some people report that symptoms continue for months, or they develop new symptoms. This syndrome has often been called long COVID, or post- COVID-19 . You might hear it called long haul COVID-19 , post-COVID conditions or PASC. That's short for post-acute sequelae of SARS -CoV-2.

Other infections, such as the flu and polio, can lead to long-term illness. But the virus that causes COVID-19 has only been studied since it began to spread in 2019. So, research into the specific effects of long-term COVID-19 symptoms continues.

Researchers do think that post- COVID-19 syndrome can happen after an illness of any severity.

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine may help prevent post- COVID-19 syndrome.

• Long-term effects of COVID-19

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a COVID-19 vaccine for everyone age 6 months and older. The COVID-19 vaccine can lower the risk of death or serious illness caused by COVID-19.

The COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States are:

2023-2024 Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. This vaccine is available for people age 6 months and older.

Among people with a typical immune system:

• Children age 6 months up to age 4 years are up to date after three doses of a Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.
• People age 5 and older are up to date after one Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.
• For people who have not had a 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination, the CDC recommends getting an additional shot of that updated vaccine.

2023-2024 Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. This vaccine is available for people age 6 months and older.

• Children ages 6 months up to age 4 are up to date if they've had two doses of a Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.
• People age 5 and older are up to date with one Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.

2023-2024 Novavax COVID-19 vaccine. This vaccine is available for people age 12 years and older.

• People age 12 years and older are up to date if they've had two doses of a Novavax COVID-19 vaccine.

In general, people age 5 and older with typical immune systems can get any vaccine approved or authorized for their age. They usually don't need to get the same vaccine each time.

Some people should get all their vaccine doses from the same vaccine maker, including:

• Children ages 6 months to 4 years.
• People age 5 years and older with weakened immune systems.
• People age 12 and older who have had one shot of the Novavax vaccine should get the second Novavax shot in the two-dose series.

Talk to your healthcare professional if you have any questions about the vaccines for you or your child. Your healthcare team can help you if:

• The vaccine you or your child got earlier isn't available.
• You don't know which vaccine you or your child received.
• You or your child started a vaccine series but couldn't finish it due to side effects.

People with weakened immune systems

Your healthcare team may suggest added doses of COVID-19 vaccine if you have a moderately or seriously weakened immune system. The FDA has also authorized the monoclonal antibody pemivibart (Pemgarda) to prevent COVID-19 in some people with weakened immune systems.

Control the spread of infection

In addition to vaccination, there are other ways to stop the spread of the virus that causes COVID-19 .

If you are at a higher risk of serious illness, talk to your healthcare professional about how best to protect yourself. Know what to do if you get sick so you can quickly start treatment.

If you feel ill or have COVID-19 , stay home and away from others, including pets, if possible. Avoid sharing household items such as dishes or towels if you're sick.

In general, make it a habit to:

• Test for COVID-19 . If you have symptoms of COVID-19 test for the infection. Or test five days after you came in contact with the virus.
• Help from afar. Avoid close contact with anyone who is sick or has symptoms, if possible.
• Wash your hands. Wash your hands well and often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. Or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.
• Cover your coughs and sneezes. Cough or sneeze into a tissue or your elbow. Then wash your hands.
• Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces. For example, clean doorknobs, light switches, electronics and counters regularly.

Try to spread out in crowded public areas, especially in places with poor airflow. This is important if you have a higher risk of serious illness.

The CDC recommends that people wear a mask in indoor public spaces if you're in an area with a high number of people with COVID-19 in the hospital. They suggest wearing the most protective mask possible that you'll wear regularly, that fits well and is comfortable.

• COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts - Related information COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts
• Comparing the differences between COVID-19 vaccines - Related information Comparing the differences between COVID-19 vaccines
• Different types of COVID-19 vaccines: How they work - Related information Different types of COVID-19 vaccines: How they work
• Debunking COVID-19 myths - Related information Debunking COVID-19 myths

Travel and COVID-19

Travel brings people together from areas where illnesses may be at higher levels. Masks can help slow the spread of respiratory diseases in general, including COVID-19 . Masks help the most in places with low air flow and where you are in close contact with other people. Also, masks can help if the places you travel to or through have a high level of illness.

Masking is especially important if you or a companion have a high risk of serious illness from COVID-19 .

• COVID-19 travel advice
• COVID-19 vaccines
• COVID-19 vaccines for kids: What you need to know
• Debunking coronavirus myths
• Different COVID-19 vaccines
• Fight coronavirus (COVID-19) transmission at home
• Herd immunity and coronavirus
• How well do face masks protect against COVID-19?
• Safe outdoor activities during the COVID-19 pandemic
• Safety tips for attending school during COVID-19
• COVID-19 and vitamin D
• COVID-19: How can I protect myself?
• Mayo Clinic Minute: How dirty are common surfaces?
• Mayo Clinic Minute: You're washing your hands all wrong
• Goldman L, et al., eds. COVID-19: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, community prevention, and prognosis. In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 27th ed. Elsevier; 2024. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Dec. 17, 2023.
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• COVID-19: Who's at higher risk of serious symptoms?
• How do COVID-19 antibody tests differ from diagnostic tests?
• Is hydroxychloroquine a treatment for COVID-19?
• Pregnancy and COVID-19
• Sex and COVID-19
• Treating COVID-19 at home

Associated Procedures

• Convalescent plasma therapy
• COVID-19 antibody testing
• COVID-19 tests
• Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)

News from Mayo Clinic

• A Mayo Clinic virologist explains FLiRT and why you may need a new COVID-19 vaccination  May 30, 2024, 02:30 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Q and A: Who should get the latest COVID-19 vaccine? Nov. 21, 2023, 01:30 p.m. CDT
• Can you get COVID-19 and the flu at the same time? A Mayo Clinic expert weighs in Oct. 16, 2023, 04:30 p.m. CDT
• At-home COVID-19 tests: A Mayo Clinic expert answers questions on expiration dates and the new variants Sept. 18, 2023, 04:00 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic expert answers questions about the new COVID-19 vaccine Sept. 13, 2023, 04:15 p.m. CDT
• Study identifies risk factors for long-haul COVID disease in adults Sept. 13, 2023, 02:00 p.m. CDT
• Mayo researchers find vaccine may reduce severity of long-haul COVID symptoms Aug. 23, 2023, 04:34 p.m. CDT
• Corticosteroids lower the likelihood of in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 Aug. 04, 2023, 03:00 p.m. CDT
• COVID-19 vaccine administration simplified April 21, 2023, 07:00 p.m. CDT
• Science Saturday: COVID-19 -- the pandemic that's forever changed laboratory testing April 15, 2023, 11:00 a.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic expert talks about the new omicron variant April 13, 2023, 02:13 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic to ease universal face mask requirement April 04, 2023, 03:05 p.m. CDT
• 'Deaths of Despair' contribute to 17% rise in Minnesota's death rate during COVID-19 pandemic March 13, 2023, 12:00 p.m. CDT
• Rising cases of COVID-19 variant, XBB.1.5 Jan. 09, 2023, 05:15 p.m. CDT
• Bivalent COVID-19 booster approved for children 6 months and older Dec. 09, 2022, 09:33 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Minute: How to self-care at home when you have COVID-19 Dec. 06, 2022, 05:00 p.m. CDT
• Halloween safety tips from a Mayo Clinic infectious diseases expert Oct. 27, 2022, 02:00 p.m. CDT
• COVID-19, RSV and flu--season of respiratory infections Oct. 26, 2022, 04:30 p.m. CDT
• COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccines for kids 5-11 approved, Mayo Clinic awaits supply Oct. 13, 2022, 04:54 p.m. CDT
• Questions answered about the COVID-19 bivalent booster vaccines Oct. 12, 2022, 03:30 p.m. CDT
• Will the COVID-19 booster be like an annual flu shot? Sept. 12, 2022, 04:30 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Q and A: Who needs back-to-school COVID-19 vaccinations and boosters? Sept. 04, 2022, 11:00 a.m. CDT
• Q&A podcast: Updated COVID-19 boosters target omicron variants Sept. 02, 2022, 12:30 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Minute: Back-to-school COVID-19 vaccinations for kids Aug. 15, 2022, 03:15 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic research shows bebtelovimab to be a reliable option for treating COVID-19 in era of BA.2, other subvariants Aug. 15, 2022, 02:09 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Q and A: New variants of COVID-19 Aug. 04, 2022, 12:30 p.m. CDT
• COVID-19 variant BA.5 is dominant strain; BA.2.75 is being monitored July 28, 2022, 02:30 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic researchers pinpoint genetic variations that might sway course of COVID-19 July 25, 2022, 02:00 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: BA.5 omicron variant fueling latest COVID-19 surge July 15, 2022, 12:00 p.m. CDT
• What you need to know about the BA.5 omicron variant July 14, 2022, 06:41 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: The importance of COVID-19 vaccines for children under 5 July 06, 2022, 01:00 p.m. CDT
• COVID-19 vaccination for kids age 5 and younger starting the week of July 4 at most Mayo sites July 01, 2022, 04:00 p.m. CDT
• Patients treated with monoclonal antibodies during COVID-19 delta surge had low rates of severe disease, Mayo Clinic study finds June 27, 2022, 03:00 p.m. CDT
• Long COVID and the digestive system: Mayo Clinic expert describes common symptoms June 21, 2022, 02:43 p.m. CDT
• Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: COVID-19 update June 17, 2022, 01:08 p.m. CDT
• Symptoms & causes
• Diagnosis & treatment
• Doctors & departments
• COVID-19 vaccines: Get the facts
• How well do face masks protect against coronavirus?
• Post-COVID Recovery

News on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Learn the latest medical news about COVID-19 on Mayo Clinic News Network.

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