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Canada's Passport Validity Rule: Can You Enter Canada With Less Than 6 Months Valid On Your Passport?

Blog posted on June 20, 2023 by Evelyn Ackah in Visitor Visas

Many people visit Canada for vacation or to see family throughout the year. During the summer months, many visitors enter Canada from their home country to take a cruise that departs from a Canadian city, many Alaska cruises depart from Vancouver. Visitors often are unaware that to enter Canada, their foreign passports must be valid beyond their planned dates of entry and departure.

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Canadian passport validity rule.

Canada is a popular destination for travellers from all over the world. Whether you're visiting for vacation, to see family or to take a cruise, it's important to make sure that your passport is valid beyond your planned dates of entry and departure.

The Canadian government requires that most visitors have a valid passport that is at least six months old at the time of entry . This means that if your passport expires in three months, you will not be allowed to enter Canada.

There are a few exceptions to this rule. For example, if you are a citizen of the United States, you may be able to enter Canada with a passport that is less than six months old if you have a valid visa. However, it is always best to check with the Canadian government to make sure that you meet all of the entry requirements.

If you are planning on taking a cruise that departs from a Canadian city, it's important to remember that you will need to pass through Canadian immigration control when you board the ship. This means that your passport must be valid for the entire duration of your cruise, including the time you will be spending in Canada.

It's also important to note that the Canadian government may require you to show proof of onward travel when you enter the country. This means that you will need to have a valid ticket for your next destination.

The American Passport Exception

The six-month passport validity requirement does NOT apply to an American citizen using a U.S. passport to enter Canada. He/she may do so up until the date of expiration of the passport .

Eligibility Guidelines for Visiting Canada

Here are some additional tips for traveling to Canada. Check the Canadian government's website for the latest entry requirements.

• Get a visa or eTA if required.
• Make sure your passport is valid for at least six months beyond your planned dates of entry and departure.
• Have a valid ticket for your next destination.
• Be prepared to answer questions about your purpose of travel and where you will be staying.
• Depending on your country of origin, you may be required to have a blank page in your passport for a Canadian entry stamp.
• A criminal record - even 30 or 40 years in the past - can result in you being found criminally inadmissible to enter Canada , even if you were not convicted.
• A past immigration issue can prevent you from entering Canada as a visitor.

Do You Have Questions About Your Eligibility To Enter Canada?

Get in touch with Ackah Business Immigration Law today to arrange a consultation and discover more about how we can assist you in travelling or immigrating to Canada. Ackah Business Immigration Law is a full-service immigration law firm for businesses and individuals, with offices in Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver. Contact Ackah Law today at (403) 452-9515 or email us directly at [email protected] .

Evelyn L. Ackah, BA, LL.B.

Founder/Managing Lawyer

Ms. Ackah is passionate about immigration law because it focuses on people and relationships, which are at the core of her personal values. Starting her legal career as a corporate/commercial ...

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Canada Travel Requirements

Home » Passports » How to Obtain a U.S. Passport

Over the past 20 years of helping readers like you with their travel document needs, one of the most frequently asked questions we get is:

• Do you need a passport to go to Canada?

Yes. Canadian law requires U.S. citizens to present a passport book or passport card to enter Canada. You also need a valid passport for all international travel by air.

If you don't have a passport , you have the option to use a WHTI-compliant travel document (more on these later). These are the only passport alternatives Americans can use to both enter Canada and re-enter the United States via a land or sea port of entry. Birth certificates and driver's licenses are not good enough .

Unfortunately, many U.S. citizens realize this too late. If you try to cross the Canadian border by land or sea without proper documentation, you will be turned away by the agents of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA).

A visa is not required for U.S. citizens to visit Canada for up to 180 days. Anyone seeking to enter Canada for any purpose other than a visit (e.g. to work, study or immigrate) must qualify for the appropriate entry status and should contact the Canadian Embassy (or nearest consulate) and visit the Canadian immigration website .

If you are planning a trip to Canada soon , you need to explore your expedited passport processing options . Otherwise, the processing time for a new passport or passport renewal currently takes 6 to 8 weeks , however it can take longer depending upon demand and world events. Some alternative forms of proof, like the NEXUS card, can take up to 6 months to get.

For the quickest turnaround time, using a registered passport courier service is the best option . These experts can help you apply for and get a passport book or passport card fast -sometimes in as few as 24 hours.

Check out or directory of top passport expediting services . Many of these businesses have multiple offices across the US at the ready to help you get a new passport or renew an existing one quickly and without hassle. With their help, you can save both time and money compared to the costs of getting a rushed passport on your own .

Table of Contents

How to enter canada without a valid passport book.

• How to Use an Advance CBSA Declaration
• Requirements for Minors Traveling to Canada
• Requirements for Business Travel to Canada
• Requirements for Canadian Dual Citizens

What You Can and Cannot Bring into Canada

Bringing vehicles into canada, how a dui or criminal record can affect entry to canada, final steps to prepare to visit canada.

U.S. citizens haven't always needed a passport to enter Canada.

Before June 1, 2009 Canadian law allowed all American citizens to enter Canada by showing a government-issued photo ID (e.g. driver's license) and proof of U.S. citizenship such as a U.S. birth certificate, naturalization certificate, proof of Indian status, or an expired U.S. passport. Those days are over .

Furthermore, even if Canada still allowed entry with only these forms of identification, the United States does not accept these documents as sufficient proof to re-enter the United States. Regardless of what Canadian law requires or what other proof is sufficient for Canadian citizens, American travelers entering Canada must be able to present acceptable proof of US citizenship to re-enter the United States.

Again, a valid passport book is the best and most versatile option for meeting both American and Canadian requirements ; but they are not the only options.

The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI) allows for several different types of travel documents to be used to cross back and forth across the U.S.-Canadian border. In most cases, these are both more limited in their usefulness and more time consuming to get compared to a passport book.

One of the WHTI-compliant documents for crossing the land border is the U.S. Passport Card. The card may not be used to travel by air. It is only available to U.S. citizens (not green card holders or other non-citizen residents). All eligible American travelers are encouraged to apply for a U.S. passport card well in advance of anticipated travel to avoid any problems.

The following items are considered valid WHTI identification documents for traveling to Canada :

• A U.S. passport card
• An enhanced driver's license ( EDL )
• A Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS card SENTRI card, FAST card, or Global Entry card)
• An enhanced tribal card (ETC)
• A military identification card (only for members of the U.S. armed services on official maritime business)
• A Military ID with official orders that require travel to Canada or through the country's borders

While a valid passport book is the only travel document you can use for international air travel , the rest of the options listed above can be used at most land and sea ports of entry to Canada. They are also accepted when you leave Canada and attempt to re-enter the United States via any land border or sea border crossings.

Both the U.S. and Canadian governments urge frequent travelers, who must cross the border regularly to join the NEXUS Trusted traveler program.

WHTI documents (like the NEXUS card) simplify entering Canada by land or sea for frequent travelers in a number of ways:

• Passport books are big. Carrying them around is a hassle when you need to use them often. On the other hand, a passport card, SENTRI card, enhanced driver's license, or any of the other cards issued as part of the Trusted Traveler Program can fit alongside a credit or debit card in your wallet or purse.

The various WHTI cards are made from a durable plastic that is tougher than the current US passport book . However, if your card is significantly damaged, it can be rejected just as a damaged passport book would be.

• Passport books have limited number of pages. When your passport book is out of usable pages for entry and exit stamps, it must be renewed. There is no way to add pages to a passport book . This means people who need to cross the US-Canadian border often will also need to renew passports more frequently. This is time and an expense that can be avoided by taking advantage of WHTI programs.

If you are an American citizen and plan on entering Canada by land or sea, the WHTI offers a great way to travel to Canada without a passport.

But remember : if you are planning to fly in or out of Canada, you need a passport book. There is no passport card, WHTI document, or Trusted Traveler Program card that will allow you to board a flight.

Use an Advance CBSA Declaration to Save Time at the Border

The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) has introduced an optional feature called "Advance CBSA Declaration." This program allows travelers to submit their customs and immigration declaration up to 72 hours before arriving in Canada, enhancing the speed and ease of entry.

The Advance CBSA Declaration is currently only available for use at selected Canadian international airports:

• Toronto Pearson International Airport Terminal 1 & 3
• Vancouver International Airport
• Montreal-Trudeau International Airport
• Winnipeg Richardson International Airport

Entry Requirements for Minors Traveling to Canada

There are unique rules for some minors traveling between the U.S. and Canada .

U.S. citizens under the age of 16 (or under 19, if traveling with a school, religious, cultural organization, or other youth group) need only present a birth certificate (original, photocopy, or certified copy), Consular Report of Birth Abroad, or naturalization certificate to visit Canada. This is also sufficient for re-entry into the U.S.

All citizens are required to present a valid U.S. passport book to enter or re-enter the United States via air -regardless of age.

There are also additional requirements a minor's parents or legal guardian(s) need to fulfill.

If you plan to travel to Canada with a minor who is not your child or for whom you do not have full legal custody, the Canada Border Services Agency may require you to present a notarized affidavit of consent from the minor's parents or legal guardian(s).

There is no specific form for this document, but it should be a signed statement that includes:

• Dates of travel to Canada
• A description of the travel itinerary
• Names of parents or legal guardian(s) with full legal custody and photo copies of their government issued photo IDs (like a driver's license, passport, passport card, etc.)
• Names of the supervising adult(s) responsible for the minor while abroad.

You can use our minor travel consent form and save yourself the time and effort of drafting one on your own.

Minors aged 16 through 18 (that are not part of one of the aforementioned traveling groups) must follow the same rules as adults to enter the United States via sea and land borders. They can show either a valid passport, passport card, Enhanced Drivers License, or another Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative (WHTI)-compliant document at the border.

Flying to Canada as an Unaccompanied Minor

There are also unique considerations for unaccompanied minors traveling by air to Canada without a parent or legal guardian.

Just like with adult air travel, a passport book is required for a minor flying internationally .

Most airlines comply with the U.S. Department of Transportation's general guidelines for unaccompanied minors traveling by air. That said, each airline can set its own guidelines.

You can expect additional fees when booking a flight for an unaccompanied minor, but it usually comes with additional perks like preferential seating, personal escorts on and off the plane, and additional attention and supervision throughout the flight.

For more, be sure to check out our guide to unaccompanied minor travel . There you will find more specifics about the rules, documentation, and options for helping a child travel to Canada (or any international destination) on their own.

Entry Requirements for Business Travel to Canada

Canada defines a "business visitor" as anyone who enters the country to "take part in international business activities without being part of the Canadian labor market."

The term business activities includes travel focused on:

• developing business interests
• acquiring business investments
• buying or taking orders for goods or services on behalf of a non-Canadian business or government
• attending meetings or trade fairs
• training Canadian employees or receiving training for work outside of Canada
• other acceptable business practices under the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement

For business travel, Canada requires a list of documents and authorizations before you can enter the country:

• a valid passport
• Official proof of U.S. citizenship (such as a passport or green card)
• a visitor visa
• an electronic travel authorization (eTA)
• letters of support from your parent company
• a formal invitation from the Canadian host business or a Letter of Recognition from the Canada Border Services Agency
• any other documents such as warranty or service agreements, or contracts, if relevant to your visit
• contact details of your business host in Canada (must provide contact(s) that can be reached 24 hours a day for the duration of your trip)
• proof that you have enough money for both your stay in Canada and your return home

Attempting to conduct business affairs in Canada without the proper documentation and permissions can lead to fines, detention, and deportation depending upon the severity.

Entry Requirements for Canadian Dual Citizens

It is possible to be both a U.S. and Canadian citizen. This dual-nationality status allows people the opportunity to be permanent residents of both countries.

Dual citizens are expected to follow the rules and laws of the country where they physically are. For instance, Canadian citizens need a valid Canadian passport to board a flight to or through Canadian airports. American citizens need a passport to do the same at American airports.

There is one notable exception for American-Canadian dual citizens: the combination of a U.S. passport and proper proof of Canadian citizenship can be used to enter Canada by air, land, or sea.

Acceptable proof includes items such as:

• a permanent resident card
• a Consular Report of Birth Abroad
• a Naturalization Certificate
• a Secure Certificate of Indian Status (SCIS) card or valid Certificate of Indian Status (CIS) card
• A WHTI or Trusted Traveler Program card (e.g. a NEXUS card satisfies this requirement)

There are specific rules regarding what American citizens entering Canada are allowed to bring across the border. Canadian law is very clear about these regulations. Failure to comply can lead to substantial fines, deportation, and even a permanent bar from Canada altogether.

Please note that regulations and restrictions are subject to change, so it's always a good idea to consult the official website of the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) or contact them directly for the most up-to-date information.

What you can bring into Canada:

• Pets - There are specific requirements for bringing a pet from the U.S. into Canada. For instance, most dogs and cats must have a valid rabies vaccination certificate. Consult the USDA website 's guide for the specific regulations about specific pet species, breeds, and ages.
• Prescription medication - You can bring prescription medication for personal use, but the medication should be in its original bottle or container. You should also bring a copy of your current prescription and/or a letter from your healthcare provider.
• Food - You can bring most commercially packaged and labeled food items for personal consumption (e.g. snacks and canned goods). However, there are restrictions on certain food items like fresh produce, meat, dairy, and plants. Check the CBSA website for specific restrictions and limits.
• Alcohol and tobacco - You are allowed to bring a limited quantity of alcohol and tobacco products into Canada for personal use. Some specific limits and duties may apply.

What you cannot bring into Canada:

• Drugs and illegal substances - Narcotics, illegal drugs, and restricted or controlled substances are prohibited. Do not attempt to bring any across the border or you could be subject to harsh penalties from both the Canadian and U.S. government.
• Endangered species and byproducts - Items made from endangered species, such as ivory, certain animal skins, and products made from protected plants, are generally prohibited.
• Certain agricultural products - Many types of fresh fruits, vegetables, plants, and certain animal products are restricted. This is to prevent the introduction of pests or diseases to Canadian agriculture and ecosystems.

It is important to remember that customs officers at the border have the final authority to determine what can and cannot be brought into Canada. To ensure a smooth entry, be sure to declare all items you are bringing with you and comply with the regulations and restrictions in place.

Again, for the most accurate and up-to-date information, including the most current downloadable forms, please consult the CBSA website or contact them directly.

As an American citizen, you can bring your car into Canada and drive it using your state-issued driver's license and valid car insurance.

An International Driving Permit (IDP) is only required if you plan on renting or purchasing a vehicle while in Canada. Some provinces also require an IDP if you plan on using your own vehicle from the U.S. for more than 90 days.

You must follow all local traffic laws while driving in Canada. Some of the most important rules include:

• Follow metric road markings and speed limits . Remember: Canada uses kilometers, not miles.
• Do not drive with or under the influence of alcohol or drugs . A DUI is a serious offense in Canada. It can lead to expensive fines, loss of your vehicle, and even imprisonment.
• Wear seatbelts . Everyone in a car should be properly buckled in. This includes car seats for children under the age of 9 or less than 145 cm (about 58 inches) in height.
• Put your cellphone down . You can receive a ticket and fine for using an electronic device while driving. Use of hands-free connections to your vehicle or an earpiece is allowed.

If you plan to drive into Canada, be sure to check out our guide to the 5 Huge International Road Trip Mistakes Americans Make .

In Canada, the statute for DUI covers equivalent U.S. charges of DUI, physical control of a vehicle-moving or not-under the influence, and DUI as a minor. These are indictable offenses and, therefore, grounds to deny entry to the country if you are a foreign national.

You are considered rehabilitated ten years after the completion of your DUI sentence and are eligible to apply for rehabilitation five years after the completion of your sentence. If you're awarded rehabilitation, you're allowed into the country The process can take several months to complete.

If you've ever been convicted of a DUI or significant crime in the United States, and you're planning a visit to Canada you will likely be turned away. Approaching a Canadian land border without researching the current entry requirements ahead of time, or going through the proper process of a rehabilitation application is a roll of the dice.

You can try to enter by applying for a Temporary Resident Permit (TRP) at the border. This is a complicated process that requires proof of why you should be granted access (e.g. a family emergency). If you are denied a TRP request, you cannot appeal. The decision is final.

While it's possible to gain admittance to Canada with a temporary resident permit, the Canadian government rarely grants these requests. More often than not, you'll be refused entry, and lose your non-refundable $200 application fee.

If you are traveling to Canada and have a criminal record of any kind, the best idea is to first contact an experienced immigration lawyer in the province where you plan to travel. This will help you avoid any legal surprises at the border or upon arrival.

Visiting Canada is one of the most popular forms of international travel for U.S. citizens. As with all travel abroad, the key to a successful trip is being prepared.

While you don't need a passport to visit Canada, it is, by far, the most versatile and useful form of travel documentation you can have. If you plan on travelling soon and need to get a passport quickly , you can schedule an appointment at the nearest regional agency or rush your passport application with the help of a registered passport courier service. Be sure to visit our directory of the top passport expediting services to find trusted and reliable help for your travel document needs.

It is also important to know where to find the nearest Canadian embassy and consulates are located:

• The Canadian Embassy is located at 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington DC.
• Canadian consulates can be found in Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New York, San Juan or Seattle.

These are crucial contact points for any American abroad in Canada as they represent your most direct contact with the United States.

If you are still planning your trip, be sure to check out The 5 Best Canadian Cities for Americans to Visit so that you can experience everything Canada has to offer. While you're at it, be sure not to miss our 10 Canadian Travel Planning Tips to be sure you are fully prepared for your visit to our neighbor to the north.

Top 5 Questions About Expedited Passport Couriers

1. How can you get a passport when you're in a hurry? 2. What exactly does a passport expediter do? 3. Are passport expediting services legitimate? 4. How can I identify a reliable passport expeditor? 5. Is expedited passport service worth it?

You can also visit our library of articles about passport expediting .

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How Long Does My Passport Have to Be Valid For When Visiting the U.S.?

My husband and I are planning for our winter in Florida and my passport expires in June, 2020. I always thought my passport had to be valid for 6 months after my return date to Canada, but a friend recently told me that it only has to be valid until my return date. Can you please confirm if this is true?

Your friend is correct that your Canadian passport only has to be valid for the duration of your stay in the U.S.

However , we have heard reports that some U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents are unfamiliar with this exemption and are requiring passports to be valid for 6 months after your expected return date.

Accordingly, whenever possible we suggest travelling to the U.S. with a passport that is valid for 6 months after your expected return date to Canada.

If you do decide to travel with a passport that has an earlier expiry date and you run into trouble at the border, you may want to try politely directing the CBP agent to the directive on the CBP website that states Canadian passports only need to be valid for the duration of your stay in the U.S. Learn more here.

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Guide to the 6-month passport rule — what is it?

Editor's Note

It may sound trivial, but one of the best rules you can follow as an international traveler is to remember to check your passport validity before you book flights and hotels.

Why? Because the requirements for entry differ from country to country. In the midst of planning my 2024 travel, I realized my U.S. passport expires in April, which could mess with my plans abroad.

Thankfully, I use a travel checklist to avoid disruptions to my travel itinerary.

I immediately started the passport renewal process online and had my photo taken at my local Walgreens — although you can DIY your passport photo if you prefer — so I could send out my application as quickly as possible. I also opted to expedite the processing time for an additional $60 fee and sent my application on its way.

If you're also in the middle of planning 2024 travel or simply want to know the ideal time to begin getting ready to renew your passport, the TPG team has you covered.

We collected information from the U.S. Department of State website and the United Kingdom's government website to create a one-stop cheat sheet examining a range of nations that typically require you to have a passport that lasts longer than your trip — whether by one, three or six months.

Note that certain countries deviate from the standard six-month requirement. These findings are also only related to passport validity dates — we're not covering visa requirements here. Those can vary depending on where you're going and where you're coming from.

Schengen countries in Europe

Many European countries are signers of the Schengen Agreement . As a result, they follow the 3+3 Rule, meaning your passport must be valid for three months beyond your three-month entry visa or for a total of six months, regardless of the duration of your initial stay.

While some Schengen countries only require passports to be valid for three months beyond your intended stay, others assume you may stay the full 90 days of your visa validity — thus the six-month time period.

The signers of the Schengen Agreement are Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. Bulgaria and Romania will join the group March 31, 2024.

The countries listed below abide by the usual six months of passport validity unless otherwise noted.

Non-Schengen countries in Europe, Asia and the Middle East

Abide by the usual 6 months of passport validity.

• Bosnia-Herzegovina
• New Caledonia
• North Korea
• Saudi Arabia
• Turkmenistan
• Turkey (British passports must be valid for at least 150 days from the date you arrive in the country)
• United Arab Emirates
• West Bank/Gaza Strip

Passport must be valid 3 months beyond the scheduled departure date

Passport must be valid 1 month beyond the date of your intended stay, passport only needs to be valid for the proposed duration of your stay.

• Central African Republic
• Cote d'Ivoire
• Democratic Republic of the Congo
• Equatorial Guinea
• Morocco (British passports must be valid for at least three months on the date of entry)
• Sao Tome and Principe
• South Africa (passports must also have 30 days beyond your intended date of exit from the country)
• South Sudan

Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean

• Antigua and Barbuda
• Dominican Republic
• Trinidad and Tobago

Central and South America

• El Salvador

Passport must be valid 3 months beyond arrival

• Brazil (British passports need to be valid six months beyond arrival)

South Pacific

• American Samoa
• French Polynesia
• Marshall Islands
• Papua New Guinea
• New Zealand

Bottom line

When examining the rules, note that some countries have a slight distinction: They may require validity to be either six months from the date of entry or six months from the date of intended departure . For simplicity, we've taken the conservative approach and assumed that for any country with a six-month rule, like most of the ones above, you should ensure your passport is valid six months past the date of intended departure just in case.

Of course, the list above only includes just a few popular destinations worldwide. If your intended destination isn't on the list, it's always best to check with your relevant passport issuer.

Can I Enter Canada With an Expired Canadian Passport

Have you ever been in a situation where you want to travel only to realize you haven’t renewed your expired passport?

This can happen to anyone and gush, it can be as annoying as anything. Being stranded at the port of entry is something no traveler wants to witness.

If you’re planning on traveling with an expired passport and wondering if you can still enter Canada, don’t sweat it yet, because there is a chance for you.

Whether you’re planning a spontaneous trip or just forgot to renew your passport, the last thing you want is to be hauled up at the border.

So, if you are asking the question “can I enter Canada with an expired Canadian passport?” The answer is not as simple as a yes or no, as it depends on various factors.

I’ll explain

Can I enter Canada with an expired Canadian passport?

You can enter Canada with an expired passport under very rare circumstances such as when you’ve:

• An Emergency Travel Document
• Valid Government-issued ID
• Dual citizenship
• Diplomatic passport
• If you are returning Canadian Armed Forces Personnel
• Returning from the United States or a U.S. Territory
• Non-Canadian spouse or dependent of a Canadian Citizen

Aside from these options, you may not be allowed into Canada without a valid passport.

• Emergency Travel Document (ETD).

If you have a genuine emergency and need to travel immediately, you can apply for an ETD at the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate.

ETDs are temporary travel documents  issued to Canadian citizens who don’t have valid passports and need to return to Canada urgently.

ETDs are generally only issued in extreme circumstances, such as a medical emergency or the death of a family member.

If you’re traveling by land, you may be able to enter Canada with a valid government-issued ID, such as a driver’s license, along with proof of citizenship, such as a birth certificate.

However, this option is not available for air or sea travel, and it’s crucial to check with Canadian immigration authorities before attempting to cross the border.

If you have a NEXUS card, which is a trusted traveler program that allows expedited processing at the border, you may be able to enter Canada with an expired passport.

However, it’s recommended to check with Canadian authorities before attempting to cross the border using the method, as this option may not always be available.

If you hold dual citizenship with a country that has a visa-exempt agreement with Canada, you can enter Canada using your other passport, but you’ll still need to prove your Canadian citizenship.

It’s essential to note that this option is only available for visa-exempt countries and may not be available for all situations.

You can enter Canada using your  diplomatic passport  if you’re a diplomat or government official.

However, this option is only available for individuals with a diplomatic passport, and you may need to check with the authorities before following this route.

• Returning Canadian Armed Forces Personnel

If you’re a Canadian Armed Forces member and returning to Canada from an assignment, you may be allowed to enter with an expired passport.

However, this option is only available for members of the Canadian Armed Forces and may not be available for all situations.

• Returning from the United States

If you’re returning from the United States by land or sea, you may be able to enter Canada with an expired passport if you meet specific requirements, such as proving your Canadian citizenship.

This option is only available for land or sea travel from the United States and not in all situations.

If you’re returning from a U.S. territory, such as Puerto Rico or the U.S. Virgin Islands, you may be able to enter Canada with an expired passport if you have proof of citizenship.

However, this option is only available for travel from U.S. territories and they are not open all the time.

If you’re a non-Canadian spouse or dependent of a Canadian citizen, you may be able to enter Canada with an expired passport if you have proof of your relationship and citizenship.

But, this option is only available for non-Canadian spouses or dependents of Canadian citizens.

• Special circumstances

In rare cases, Canadian border officials may use discretion to allow entry for individuals with an expired passport due to unique circumstances, such as a medical emergency or other extenuating circumstances.

However, this option is only available for exceptional circumstances.

These are the options where you can enter Canada with an expired Canadian passport but these travel options may not always be available to you.

Therefore, it’s crucial to check with Canadian immigration authorities before attempting to use any of these means to cross the country’s border without a passport.

Can I travel back to Canada without a Canadian passport?

You can travel back to Canada without a Canadian passport if you are from a country with agreements with Canada that allow citizens to enter Canada using other travel documents, such as a national identity card or a refugee travel document.

If you are a Canadian citizen, you cannot enter Canada without a valid Canadian passport.

Canadian citizens are required to carry a valid Canadian passport when entering Canada by air, and may also be required to present a passport when entering Canada by land or sea.

If you are unsure about your specific circumstances, it is recommended that you contact the nearest Canadian embassy or consulate for guidance on the entry requirements for your particular situation.

What can I use instead of a passport to get into Canada?

You can use your NEXUS card, Border Crossing card, or FAST card, Trusted Traveler documents, Certificate of Indian Status, or refugee travel documents instead of a passport to get into Canada if your circumstances allow it.

Minimum passport validity to enter Canada

There is no specific minimum passport validity requirement to enter Canada beyond the requirement that the passport must be valid for the entirety of your stay in Canada.

If you are entering Canada, Canadian authorities require that your passport must be valid for the entire duration of your stay in Canada.

To be on the best side, it is recommended that you ensure your passports have at least six months’ validity beyond the date of your planned departure from Canada, as some airlines and countries may require this as a condition of entry or transit.

Canadian citizens returning to Canada

If you’re a Canadian citizen returning to Canada, you’ll need to have a valid Canadian passport to enter the country.

The Canadian government requires all Canadian citizens, including those with dual citizenship, to use a Canadian passport when entering Canada.

When you arrive in Canada, you’ll need to present your Canadian passport to the border services officer.

You may also be asked some questions about your trip, such as where you’ve been and what you’ve been doing while you were away.

It’s essential to answer these questions truthfully and accurately.

If you have been outside of Canada for an extended time, you may need to pay duties or taxes on goods that you are bringing back with you.

It’s always a good idea to check the  Canadian Border Services Agency website  or contact them directly to ensure you have all the necessary information before you return to Canada.

Overall, returning to Canada as a Canadian citizen is a straightforward process, as long as you have a valid Canadian passport and any necessary documentation for your travel companions.

Can a Canadian enter Canada with a different passport?

No, a Canadian citizen cannot enter Canada with a different passport. Canadian citizens are required to use a valid Canadian passport to enter Canada.

If you’re a Canadian citizen and you’ve another passport, you may use it to travel to other countries, but when entering Canada, you must present a valid Canadian passport.

Can I enter Canada with less than 6 months on my passport?

You can enter Canada with less than 6 months’ validity on your passport, but it’s important to check with the Canadian embassy or consulate, as well as your airline, to confirm the specific entry requirements and any passport validity requirements that may apply to your country or situation.

How long do you need on a passport to travel to Canada?

There is no specific minimum validity requirement beyond the requirement that the passport must be valid for the entire duration of your stay in Canada but it is recommended that your passports have at least six months of validity beyond the date of your planned departure from Canada.

Can I travel to Canada with 7 months left on my passport?

Yes, you can travel to Canada with 7 months left on your passport because there is no specific minimum passport validity requirement to enter Canada.

Having 7 months left on your passport is sufficient for entry into Canada.

However, it’s always a good idea to check with the Canadian embassy, as well as your airline, to confirm the specific entry requirements and any passport validity requirements that may apply to your particular situation.

Additionally, if you’re traveling to Canada by air, you may be required to obtain an electronic travel authorization (eTA) before you travel, regardless of the validity of your passport.

Can I enter Canada with a passport about to expire?

You can enter Canada with a passport about to expire but you must ensure it doesn’t expire before your time in Canada elapses.

If your passport is about to expire and you’re planning to travel to Canada, it’s advisable to renew your passport before your trip.

If you’re unable to renew your passport in time, you may be denied entry to Canada if the validity won’t cover your stay in Canada.

Can I enter the U.S. with a Canadian passport?

Yes, Canadian citizens can enter the United States with a valid Canadian passport. As a Canadian citizen, you are eligible to enter the United States under the terms of the U.S.

Visa Waiver Program (VWP), allows citizens of certain countries, including Canada, to enter the U.S. for up to 90 days for business or pleasure without a visa.

To enter the U.S. with a Canadian passport under the VWP, you’ll need to apply for an  Electronic System for Travel Authorization  (ESTA) online before your trip.

The ESTA is a simple online process that is usually granted within minutes of application.

It’s important to note that having an approved ESTA does not guarantee entry into the U.S.

Customs and Border Protection officers have the final authority to determine whether a traveler is admissible.

Can a child travel to Canada with a birth certificate?

Yes, a child can travel to Canada with a birth certificate as proof of identity and citizenship.

Children who are under 16 years old and who are traveling to Canada by land or sea may present an original or a copy of their birth certificate, along with a government-issued identification card.

Entering Canada without a valid passport isn’t advisable under any circumstances

However, in some exceptional cases, you may be allowed entry under specific circumstances.

You can enter Canada with an expired passport

• If you have an approved emergency travel document.
• A Valid Government-issued ID or a NEXUS card
• If you’re a dual citizen holder
• If you have a Diplomatic passport.
• If you’re a returning Canadian Armed Forces Personnel.
• If you’re a non-Canadian spouse or dependent of a Canadian Citizen.

A DAY IN CANADA

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I got a new passport but I have a valid visa in my old one. Can I use the visa in my old passport?

Yes. To travel to Canada using a valid visa in an old passport, you need to bring both

• You may need to explain why your old passport isn’t valid.
• your new valid passport or travel document

Even though you can use a valid visa in an old passport, we recommend that you get a new visa in your valid passport to avoid delays at the border.

New entry requirement now in effect

Visa-exempt foreign nationals need an Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) to fly to or transit through Canada by air. Exceptions include U.S. citizens and travellers with a valid Canadian visa. Canadian citizens, including dual citizens , and Canadian permanent residents cannot apply for an eTA.

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Making Sure Your Canadian Passport is Valid for Travel

Now that changes in international travel restrictions have made it easier for Canadians to go on vacations abroad during the pandemic, you might risk running into this familiar, yet nerve-wracking scenario: you’ve booked your flight, accommodation, all your activities and restaurant reservations for your upcoming trip… only to realize that your passport, although technically not expired, isn’t valid!

Forgetting to or waiting until the last minute to check your passport’s expiry date can lead to unpleasant surprises (situations like being denied entry when boarding a plane or being charged cancellation fees for not being able to proceed with your trip), despite all the trip planning you might’ve already done beforehand. You should never travel with a passport with an expiry date that cuts it a little too close to your planned return date, and certainly not one that’s set to expire while you’re outside of Canada.

The value of your Canadian passport

Canadian passports are generally considered to be among the most powerful in the world–in  terms of global mobility—often ranking high on passport indexes . That means Canadian travellers can choose to visit numerous countries without having to worry too much about strict visa requirements.  

But that won’t matter if your passport isn’t valid! Even if you aren’t a frequent traveller, it’s your responsibility to make sure that both you and your passport’s validity aren’t pressed for time—always be aware of your passport’s expiry date. 

Important: Are you a Canadian dual citizen with two passports? Remember that you can’t travel to or transit through Canada by air with a non-Canadian passport (unless your second passport is a US one). A valid Canadian passport will be required to board your flight. 

Checking your Canadian passport’s validity

Each country has their own entry requirements when it comes to passport validity, so check the entry and exit requirements of each country, on the Canadian Government’s Travel Advice and Advisories page. Although these requirements can change at any time, as a general rule of thumb, plan to have your passport valid for at least 6 months beyond the return date of your trip. If your passport’s expiry date falls short of the required timeframe, you might already want to renew your passport ahead of time, in order to account for processing time and possible delays. Depending on where you’re applying from (whether Canada, US, or other countries), the steps to renew your Canadian passport might differ. 

Note : Rush services are available, but the fees are expensive, and proof of your emergency is required. The quickest turnaround times to process passport renewals are typically between June and November. 

Keep in mind 3 things when checking passport validity requirements for your destination: 

• Airlines have the right to turn you away if your passport doesn’t meet the validity requirement(s). 
• Along with your final destination, you’ll also need to take the validity requirements of any layover or transit destinations into account.
• In case a country’s requirements aren’t clearly stated,  check in with the country’s embassy , consulate or transportation company to confirm the rules and regulations related to passport validity. 

Crossing the US border with a valid passport

Before the pandemic, many Canadians travelled back and forth across the border without a second thought. As border regulations continue to ease up, and your cross-border shopping trips resume, it’s important to remember to check your passport’s validity just like you would for any other international destination, even if it’s just for quick 2-day trips . 

Tip : Want to see a record of your US trips in a database? Make sure you track your border crossing history accurately each time you cross. 

My passport won’t expire anytime soon. What’s next?

So, you’ve checked that your Canadian passport is in fact still valid for the next little while—again, around 6 months as a general rule of thumb—or you’ve just recently renewed it. With a sigh of relief and a little more breathing room for solidifying your trip dates (having extra time will also help you in preparing for unforeseen changes to your plans, like extending your vacation ), you can go back to planning your trip. Now it’s time to consider another essential way to secure your travel plans: protecting yourself and, if not travelling alone, your travel companion(s) with travel insurance. If you’re a stranger to its many advantages and benefits, read on to understand how emergency medical travel insurance should cover travellers . 

Safe travels, 

Editor’s Note: This post was originally published in December 2016 and has been updated for freshness and/or accuracy.

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very helpful:

I live in the UK and hold a Canadian passport. I want to travel to Canada this November and my passport will only have 3 months validity. Is this enough?

Hi Lorriane, Here’s some information about entering Canada, whether you’re returning home or visiting ( https://travel.gc.ca/returning/customs/entering-canada ). As long as your passport has not expired at the time of entry, it will still be valid – but Government of Canada always recommends that you renew your passport at your earliest convenience to avoid any issues when travelling. If you’re a dual citizen, take note of the new entry requirements along with some tips for travelling safely with two passports ( http://blog.tugo.com/en/blog/new-entry-requirement-for-dual-canadian-citizens-flying-to-canada/ ). Hope this answers your query! Happy travels, Shweta

Thanks Shweta.

I am leaving for a cruise this November from canada to Florida grand turk curucoa and aruba my passport expires in feburary is it still safe to travel?

Hi Angela, Thanks for your comment! Yes, it’s still safe to travel, as both destinations only require your passport to be valid for the duration of your stay. Let me know if you have any other questions! Cheers, Linnea

hi i’m leaving for Washington this December from Canada and my passport expires in January is it still safe to travel?

Hi Sarah, Yes, it’s still safe to travel, as long as your passport is valid until your expected return date. Hope that helps! Cheers, Linnea

Hi Maher, Although information on travelling to Tunisia is readily available here https://travel.gc.ca/destinations/tunisia , travelling to Canada from Tunisia requires a little more info. I suggest contacting the Government of Canada’s 1-800-O-Canada line (1-800-622-6232). Cheers, Linnea

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Canadian temporary passports

The Canadian temporary passport is an eight-page, machine-readable passport. It is:

• issued by a Canadian mission
• used for short-term situations
• meant for urgent, proven travel situations or residency requirements
• based on the decision of the Government of Canada passport/consular officer

The temporary passport has:

• a white cover
• four visa pages
• a bio-data page
• your digitized photo
• security features

The temporary passport doesn’t replace a regular, diplomatic or special passport.

You can only get a temporary passport for the length of your travel, for a maximum of one year and can’t be extended for any reason.

Exchanging the temporary passport

You must sign a temporary passport exchange agreement when we issue a temporary passport. The agreement outlines your rights, privileges and duties. It includes:

• the date must be within 60 calendar days of signing the agreement
• the exchange location, which you can’t change for any reason

How to exchange the temporary passport

You may exchange your passport:

• full-service Canadian mission closest to where you live or
• mission where you submitted the application for the regular, diplomatic or special passport
• a CAN$20 fee applies
• by mail in Canada

We recommend you use traceable mail if you are exchanging passports by mail.

A third party may exchange the passports for you, if they have:

• valid identification
• written permission from you

If you don’t claim your regular, diplomatic or special passport, it will be returned to us for safekeeping.

If you have questions about your temporary passport, contact the closest  Canadian government office abroad .

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Follow these steps to renew your passport and track your status:

Confirm you meet the requirements

• Fill out your form online and print it
• Submit your most recent passport
• Submit other documents (if you are changing your name)

Provide a photo

Calculate fees.

• Submit application
• Enroll in email updates

Getting a New Passport for a Child : You cannot renew a passport for a child under age 16. You must apply again in person using Form DS-11. 

Renewing a Passport Outside the United States : Learn how to renew your U.S. passport if you live in a foreign country.

Renew Your Passport Online

Eligible U.S. citizens who are applying for routine service can now renew their passports online. To get started, go to our  Renew Online page . 

Watch this video to learn if you can renew your passport by mail.

You can renew by mail if your most recent passport:

• Can be submitted with your application,
• Is not damaged (other than normal  wear and tear ),
• Has never been reported lost or stolen,
• Was issued within the last 15 years,
• Was issued when you were age 16 or older, and
• Was issued in your current name (or you can provide a document like a marriage certificate or divorce decree to show you have changed your name)

If you want to renew a limited validity passport that is valid for less than the normal period of 10 years, you must meet these requirements:

• One of your previous passports must have been issued for 10 years,
• Your passport cannot be limited because you’ve lost multiple passports, and
• Your passport cannot be limited because you’ve had multiple damaged passports

If you do not meet these requirements to renew, go to one of these pages to learn how to apply:

Adult Applying

Children Under 16

Child Age 16-17

Fill out your form and print it

Use our Form Filler tool  to fill out your form on a desktop or laptop computer and then print it. If you are experiencing technical issues with the Form Filler, download a PDF . 

Tips to complete your form:

• Complete all parts of the form.  Sign and date your form  before you mail it.
• Print your form on single-sided paper. We do not accept double-sided forms. 
• Check your date of birth and previous passport issuance date if you did not get the form you expected to receive on the form filler.
• You can renew a passport book , a passport card , or both documents.
• Use Form DS-82 to apply for your first passport book if you only have a passport card, or to apply for your first passport card if you only have a passport book.  
• If you travel many times each year, get a larger passport book with more visa pages, at no extra cost.  Check the 'large book' box at the top of the DS-82.
• If renewing from Canada, do not include your Canadian Social Insurance Number on the form in place of your U.S. Social Security number. 

Submit your most recent U.S. passport

When you renew by mail or in person, you must submit your most recent passport(s) with your application. We will return your most recent passport book or card in a separate mailing. The most recent passport may not arrive for up to 8 weeks after you get your new passport. Learn below what document to submit based on what you want to renew:

Submit other documents if you are changing your name

If the name you are using is different from the name on your most recent U.S. passport, you must provide a  certified copy of the legal name change  document. Examples include:

• Marriage certificate
• Divorce decree
• Court-ordered name change document

We will return your name change document in a separate mailing from your new passport.

Tips for renewing from Canada :

• If your Canadian divorce decree does not show that you are returning to your maiden name, you must provide proof of your birth or maiden name. Examples include an original or certified copy of your birth certificate.

You must provide one photo with your application. Go to our  Passport Photo page  for photo requirements and to see examples of photos. You can get a photo at:

• Some  passport acceptance facilities
• A company which offers photo services
• Home. Ask a friend or family member to take your photo. Print it on glossy or matte photo quality paper. 

Other reminders

• You must staple your photo to the application. Follow the instructions on the application. Use four staples vertically in the corners as close to the outer edges of the photo as possible.
• Do not bend the photo.

Pay using a personal check or money order and make it payable to the U.S. Department of State. Do not send cash.

• Add $60 to your application fee if you want  expedited service .
• Add $21.36 to your application fee if you want us to ship your completed passport in 1-2 days after we issue it.  
• Go to our  Passport Fees  page to learn more about how much it costs to apply for a passport and how you can pay.
• Please write the full name and date of birth of the applicant on the front of the check* or money order.
• Renewing from Canada? Personal checks or money orders must draw on U.S. financial institutions based in the United States and be payable in U.S. dollars. Acceptable U.S. checks and money orders must have a 9-digit routing number. Do not include 1-2 day or express delivery fees with your payment. These services are not available to U.S. residents in Canada.

*How to fill out your check 

Submit completed application and documents

Get My Passport Fast :  If you are traveling in less than 3 weeks, make an appointment to renew in person at a passport agency or center. Your appointment must be within 14 calendar days of your travel date. 

If you are traveling in more than 3 weeks, mail your completed application and documents to one of the addresses below. 

Where you mail the application depends on where you live, and how fast you need your passport. 

If you live in the  United States ,  use the United States Postal Service (USPS) . If you live in  Canada , use Canada Post. 

Where to Send My Application and Supporting Documents

Want Faster Delivery?

• Delivering application to us : Pay for Priority Mail Express for faster delivery. The price for this service varies depending on the area of the country.
• Returning the passport to you : Pay $21.36 for 1-2 day delivery. This means you will receive your passport   1-2 days after we send it. Include this fee with your check or money order payable to the U.S. Department of State. Do not submit a return envelope to us with pre-paid postage. 

You may receive your passport and supporting documents in separate mailings.

If you are renewing a passport card, we will send it to you via First Class Mail. We do not use 1-2 day delivery services for passport card only applications.

Outside the United States (any country besides Canada):  Contact your  U.S. embassy and consulate .

Track your application status

You can  subscribe to email updates  about your application status, and  learn more about each status update .

It may take 2 weeks from the day you apply until your application status is “In Process.” 

What is normal "wear and tear" of a passport?

Normal "wear and tear" of a U.S. passport does not count as damage. Normal wear includes:

• The bend of a passport after you carry it in your pocket
• Fanning of the visa pages after opening and closing the passport 

If your passport is damaged, you cannot renew it and must apply for a new passport.

Damage includes:

• Water stains
• A significant tear
• Unofficial markings on the data page
• Missing visa pages (torn out)
• A hole punch, or other injuries

Can I renew at an acceptance facility?

No. If you are renewing your passport with Form DS-82, acceptance facilities will not take your application. Acceptance facilities should never charge you a $35 fee for renewing your passport. These locations should only charge you a $35 fee if you are applying using Form DS-11.

You must mail in your renewal application (Form DS-82) yourself. Mailing your Form DS-82 can be confusing since some post offices are also passport acceptance facilities. Postal employees should not review your form and supporting documents before you mail it.

Send Form DS-82 and supporting documents using a trackable delivery method.

Do not use UPS, FedEx, or DHL since the address you need to send your Form DS-82 and supporting documents to is a Post Office (PO) Box. 

If I already have a passport book or card, can I use the DS-82 to get the other document?

If you have a passport book  and you are eligible to use Form DS-82, you may apply for a passport card as a renewal by mail even if it is your first  passport card .

If you have a passport card and you are eligible to use Form DS-82, you may apply for a passport book as a renewal by mail even if it is your first passport book. 

Can I send multiple renewal applications in one envelope?

Yes. If your family member or spouse is also renewing a passport, you may want to send multiple applications in the same envelope. You can pay for the applications using one check or money order. Make sure to add up the correct fees for multiple applications. 

How will you send my passport and supporting documents?

You will get multiple mailings. The number of mailings depends on what document(s) you asked for.

Passport Book : You may get your new passport and citizenship documents in two mailings. You may wait 8 weeks after getting your passport before you get a second mailing with your citizenship documents. We will return the passport book using a trackable delivery service.

Passport Card : You may get your new passport card and your citizenship documents in two mailings. You may wait 8 weeks after getting your passport before you get a second mailing with your citizenship documents. We only send the passport card via First Class Mail. We do not send cards using 1-2 day delivery services.

Both a Passport Book and Card : You may get three separate mailings:

• New passport book
• New passport card
• Citizenship documents

Contacting Us : If you have been waiting more than 8 weeks for your documents, call us at  1-877-487-2778  to report that you have not received your documents. 

If you want us to reimburse you for a lost supporting document, you must contact us within 90 days of the date which we mailed your passport. You will also need to provide a receipt to show the cost of replacing the document. 

I got a letter requesting that I resubmit my Form DS-82. What should I do?

When you renew by mail, our intake facility will review your application and supporting documents.

The intake facility will send you a letter if there is a problem with your application. The letter may include a QR code with a link to our website. Common reasons for getting this letter include:

• No signature or date on your form
• Bad or missing photo
• Pages of your form are missing
• Wrong or missing fees
• Most recent passport is missing
• Most recent passport issued over 15 years ago

Follow the instructions in the letter. You must include the letter we sent you when you resubmit the new application. 

When your application is at the intake facility, your application status will show as "Not Available" if you check our Online Passport Status System . Your application will be "In Process" once a passport agency or center begins processing your new application. 

Processing Times

Routine:  6-8 weeks*

Expedited: 2-3 weeks and an extra $60*

*Consider the total time it will take to get a passport when you are booking travel.  Processing times only include the time your application is at a passport agency or center.

• It may take up to 2 weeks for applications to arrive at a passport agency or center. It may take up to 2 weeks for you to receive a completed passport after we print it. 
• Processing times + mailing times = total time to get a passport

Urgent Travel:  See our Get my Passport Fast page. 

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