development of tourism in assam

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Tourism Development: Strategies And Challenges For Assam’s Growing Industry

The tourism industry is incredibly diverse, encompassing a wide range of elements, from small-scale businesses like barbers and laundries to luxurious five or six-star hotels. This versatility has made tourism a highly sought-after sector in countries around the world. Notably, even small nations have harnessed the potential of tourism to bolster their economies. Some of these smaller countries have managed to thrive in the tourism industry while preserving their valuable resources. They’ve achieved this by leveraging their rich cultural heritage and the collective strength of their ethnic communities, emphasizing tourism as a form of social service, blending art and commerce, and valuing their ethnic heritage. Countries like Bhutan, Nepal, and Thailand, situated near India, stand out as prime examples of how tourism, with a focus on social and ethnic assets, has propelled them to significant economic progress.

By: Dipak Kurmi

In today’s global landscape, virtually every country is actively vying to bolster its economic prowess through the promotion of tourism. Advanced nations have long recognized tourism as a potent instrument for economic advancement. Tourism serves as a catalyst for multifaceted progress, encompassing the preservation of arts and culture, environmental conservation, job creation for self-sufficiency, global resource promotion, infrastructure development, investment stimulation, and improved connectivity. This sector plays a pivotal role in not only boosting a country’s economic standing but also in fostering cultural heritage and safeguarding the environment while simultaneously generating employment opportunities and expanding international outreach.

While the organized history of the tourism sector in Assam is relatively recent, the region has been drawing tourists for centuries. Notably, during the six centuries of Ahom rule and two centuries of British colonial influence, Assam saw its fair share of visitors. Going even further back to the 7 th century AD, the Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang explored Assam during the reign of Kumara Bhaskarvarma. However, it’s important to recognize that the appeal of Assam to tourists cannot be summarized with such a simple analysis. The state has been a magnet for travelers throughout history, thanks to its natural beauty, diverse geography, cultural diversity, and a wealth of historical treasures from the era of kings and maharajas. Looking at the history of tourist arrivals up to the early 21st century, it becomes evident that Assam boasts a multitude of attractions. Beyond its breathtaking landscapes of rivers, mountains, and streams, the region offers both visible and hidden natural wonders, as well as cultural and societal creations that continue to enthrall visitors from near and far.

The tourism industry holds the potential to become a unique and vital resource for Assam’s economic development in the near future. However, it is evident that the Assam government has yet to tap into various artificial resources that could attract tourists. At present, tourism is not accorded the status of a major income-generating industry in Assam, but it’s increasingly clear that such recognition is overdue. Unfortunately, there is a noticeable dearth of research and discussions regarding how the tourism sector could play a pivotal role in bolstering Assam’s economy. This lack of in-depth analysis has left many unaware of the numerous benefits that the tourism industry can bring, such as fostering societal unity and providing an economic boost to propel the state forward. In these circumstances, some may shift the blame to the prevailing poverty among the majority of the population. However, it is worth noting that tourism has proven capable of helping many countries combat poverty, as the industry has opened up opportunities for the less fortunate.

The foremost challenge facing the tourism industry in Assam is effective marketing. To promote the rich tourism resources of Assam, various media channels, social platforms, and websites can be employed to reach audiences across different countries. However, the backbone of tourism development lies in a well-established transportation and communication system. Destinations lacking proper road infrastructure and transportation facilities tend to struggle in attracting tourists. Furthermore, there is a dearth of knowledgeable guides who can provide insights into Assam’s key attractions. Additionally, the absence of dedicated department blogs for effective publicity is noticeable. To foster a more positive perception among tourists and contribute to shaping a safer global future, steps must be taken to influence attitudes and encourage responsible tourism practices.

The development of the tourism industry is not solely the responsibility of the tourism department; it requires the collective efforts of all departments. To enhance the quality of tourism in a country, various measures must be taken. While the tourism department can focus on beautifying tourist areas and facilitating their development, it is equally crucial that other departments maintain the roads leading to these destinations. Neglected road infrastructure can leave a negative impression on tourists. Additionally, maintaining cleanliness in towns and villages falls under the purview of municipal and panchayat authorities. Their actions directly impact tourists’ perceptions. The growth of the tourism industry encompasses a wide range of services, from barbers, laundries, and tailors to drivers, hotels, restaurants, shops, banks, insurance, and the overall ambiance of the local community. It’s a collaborative effort that cannot be shouldered by the tourism department alone. For the tourism industry to thrive, every department must work in harmony towards its development.

The growth of the tourism industry doesn’t hinge solely on the presence of five-star hotels; it requires a more diverse approach to cater to varying tourist preferences. Not all travelers seek the amenities of luxury hotels; some are drawn to spending nights amidst nature or opting for simpler accommodations to better appreciate natural beauty. There are tourists who relish rural experiences, immersing themselves in village life, agriculture, education, and cultural heritage. Addressing these nuanced aspects is essential for tourism development. While regulations can’t dictate the behavior of small hotel and restaurant owners or guide the decor of shops that cater to hungry tourists, the psychological aspects are equally critical in the tourism sector. Without a shift in the mindset of those directly or indirectly involved in the industry, even with beautiful tourist destinations, achieving the right objectives becomes challenging.

The mindset of the local drivers in a region plays a crucial role in fostering the growth of the tourism industry. They should recognize that tourism and tourists are vital for their own livelihoods, with tourists serving as their primary source of income. Unless drivers, whether they operate cars or rickshaws, perceive tourism as the linchpin for their future sustenance, the development of the tourism sector, no matter how robust, will fall short of its objectives. It’s imperative that everyone prioritizes how to cater to and satisfy tourists. Unfortunately, it often appears that a significant portion of our society is more focused on exploiting tourists rather than upholding the reputation of the tourism system, the country, the state, and the local community.

The advancement of the tourism sector requires a collective effort aimed at promoting tourism across all aspects. Specifically, the tourism department plays a pivotal role in shaping a comprehensive plan for tourism development. Success in the tourism industry hinges on the formulation and effective execution of a multifaceted, people-centric strategy that encompasses all regions within a state. Only by crafting and implementing such a well-rounded scheme can the tourism sector truly thrive.

Fostering cooperation among all stakeholders is the most crucial step towards developing the tourism sector in a state like Assam. To achieve this, it is essential to raise awareness among the public, and higher education institutions can play a pivotal role in this endeavor. Colleges and universities possess the potential to effectively create awareness among the populace, thereby promoting Assam’s tourism industry. However, the onus of driving this initiative lies with the tourism department itself. Notably, higher education institutions in Assam can contribute to tourism sector awareness without incurring additional costs, as many of them are eager to participate in such efforts. Several colleges and universities have already taken steps in this direction, and recognizing and honoring the best-performing institutions in these awareness campaigns can further motivate and inspire them to continue their valuable awareness initiatives.

The primary imperative for tourism development in Assam likely revolves around data collection. This entails gathering essential information on various aspects of tourism, such as the number of tourists who visited specific destinations, their countries of origin, and their feedback on these places. Furthermore, it’s crucial to understand which districts attracted how many tourists from different countries and the reasons behind their choice of those particular districts. Delving into the motivations of tourists, including why they sought experiences in specific areas, is equally vital. This comprehensive data acquisition will serve as the foundation for informed decisions and strategies to enhance tourism in Assam.

To facilitate the comprehensive evaluation of the tourist experience and address any shortcomings, the government should compile an annual report based on pertinent data. This report should serve as a basis for in-depth analysis by relevant government departments to determine whether tourists are receiving the satisfaction they seek and to identify any areas where expectations are not being met, as indicated by tourist feedback. Establishing data collection centers at Assam’s airports is essential, and extending such facilities to every district is equally important. Additionally, each district should have a designated Director of Tourism or Tourism Officer to decentralize decision-making and empower every district to become a tourism hub. Just as there are officers for agriculture, transport, and forests, the appointment of a Tourism Officer in each district is crucial for the holistic development of the tourism sector. This decentralized approach will play a pivotal role in ensuring the proper growth of tourism in Assam.

To effectively organize and fortify the tourism sector in Assam, it is imperative to appoint Sub-Division Tourism Officers or Chakra Tourism Officers at the sub-division and district levels. The establishment of offices in every district, sub-division, and chakra is an essential step for the advancement of tourism, and this cannot be overlooked. Despite the existence of the Tourism Department for several decades, decentralization has not been fully realized. The department remains centralized in its operations. Similarly, despite the presence of the Tourism Development Corporation, the holistic growth of the tourism industry in Assam has been hindered by the absence of decentralized authority and decision-making power. To propel the tourism sector forward, embracing decentralization and empowering officers at various administrative levels is imperative. (The writer can be reached at [email protected])

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Prospects of Tourism Sector in Assam to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals

• First Online: 20 April 2023

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• Shikha Yadav 7 ,
• Gautam Kakaty 8 ,
• Usha Rani 9 &
• Vaibhav Anand 10  

Part of the book series: Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences ((AGES))

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Assam a state of North-East India is a naturally beautiful place with plains and hills. Its agro-climatic condition with a strategic geographical location bears a significant attention in the growth agenda of the tourism area of the state and the country as well. In this forest covering area, different species of rare plants, animal and birds are found. So its rich biodiversity draws the attention of the national and international tourists. Apart from this, Assam is very much rich with a different socio-cultural back ground as the state is a place of different linguistic of plains and hill tribes which carries another importance for tourists. Some of the important tourist spots are Kaziranga and Manas National Park, Majuli, Kamakhya Temple and historical monuments in Sivasagar. Looking into its diverse potentiality, prospect tourism industry is very high if required infrastructure with security of life, better transportation and hospitality, the future of tourism industry will be bright. In this chapter an effort has been made to focus the prospects of tourism sector in Assam to achieve sustainable development goals by compound growth rate. In 2018–19, 60.27 lakh domestic and 0.41 lakh foreign tourists visited Assam (Statistical Handbook of Assam, 2019). In spite of having immense scope of tourism sector, the state has to do a lot in creating more income and employment opportunity to achieve the desired goal of sustainable development of tourism industry.

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Yadav, S., Kakaty, G., Rani, U., Anand, V. (2023). Prospects of Tourism Sector in Assam to Achieve Sustainable Development Goals. In: Anand, S., Das, M., Bhattacharyya, R., Singh, R.B. (eds) Sustainable Development Goals in Northeast India. Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6478-7_25

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Assam now produces nearly 700 million kg of tea annually and accounts for around half of India's overall tea production.

Assam State Report

Introduction.

Assam is located in the northeast of India. The state shares its borders with Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Tripura, and West Bengal. The state shares international borders with Bangladesh, Myanmar, and the Kingdom of Bhutan. Assam is India's gateway to the northeast and acts as a vital link for trade with Southeast Asian countries. The state is known for its tea, petroleum resources, Muga silk and biodiversity. It is also becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism.

The state is rich in water resources and has vast tracts of fertile land. Assam is also the third-largest producer of petroleum and natural gas in the country and has ample reserves of limestone. With its five national parks and 18 wildlife sanctuaries, the state is a biodiversity hotspot. Other potential areas of investment include power and energy, mineral-based industries, tourism, and crude oil refining.

Assam has adopted numerous investor-friendly policies to attract investments and accelerate industrial development. Key areas of focus include the IT, tourism, and power sector along with several other initiatives such as the Northeast Industrial and Investment Promotion Policy (NEIIPP) 2007 and the Industrial and Investment Policy 2014. Assam stood 22nd among Indian states in rankings based on ease of doing business and reform implementation, according to a study by the World Bank and KPMG. The Government has set a target to generate 6,500-megawatt (MW) power in the state by 2030.

At current prices, the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of Assam is estimated to be at Rs. 5.67 lakh crore (US$ 69.25 billion) in 2022-23. The GSDP increased at a CAGR of 13.90% between 2016-17 to 2022-23.

According to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), the cumulative FDI inflows in Assam were valued at US$ 20.73 million from October 2019-June 2023.

Exports from the state stood at US$ 181.64 million in FY23 (Until August 2022). Assam exported key items such as tea, petroleum products, coal, coke briquettes and other products. In FY22, the total tea exports from Assam accounted for US$ 179.65 million, which was 40% of the total exports.

Recent Developments

• In the February 2023 cabinet meeting, Rs. 270 crore (US$ 33 million) was sanctioned as Grant-in-Aid to Mega Mission Society - Chief Minister Samagra Gramya Unnayan Yojana for paddy procurement by Assam Food & Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd. in an uninterrupted manner and also implement Mission Amrit Sarovar.
• 1,000 Model Anganwadi Centers in 35 districts: Rs. 223.80 crore (US$ 27.3 million)
• 3 Rural Road Projects in 2 districts: Rs. 160.69 crore (US$ 19.6 million)
• 39 Soil Conservation and Water Harvesting Projects in 20 districts: Rs. 29.91 crore (US$ 3.7 million)
• The proposal for the construction of a bridge over Brahmaputra connecting Panbazar with North Guwahati has been approved by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India with a proposed cost of Rs. 1,890 crore (US$ 293.25 million). New Development Bank (NDB) will be funding this project.
• 73% of construction is complete with the bridge expected to be ready by 2024. The main portion of the bridge will be 1.24 km long. After crossing the bridge from Guwahati, the road will be six lanes up to Gauripur.
• In August 2021, the Adani Group announced undertaking the Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport in Guwahati, as part of its mandate to develop and modernize Northeast India's main airport by October 2021.
• To increase the quality of healthcare, five new medical colleges will be built in the state. At Bongaigaon, Behali and Sualkuchi, three new engineering colleges will be established. In Karbi Anglong, a state university will be constructed for students from hill districts under the State Budget 2021-22.
• In February 2021, India and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) signed a US$ 304 million loan agreement for the Assam Intra-State Transmission System Enhancement Project to improve the reliability, capacity and security of the power transmission network in the northeastern state. The project aims to strengthen Assam's electricity transmission system by constructing 10 transmission substations and laying transmission lines with the associated infrastructure.
• In February 2021, the Chief Minister of Assam, Mr. Sarbananda Sonowal, laid the foundation stone of Assam Skill University at Mangaldoi, Darrang. The university will provide skill education to the youth of India with a specific focus on Assam, and Northeastern region. This project is scheduled to be completed by September 2026. The Government of Assam is exploring partnership arrangements with countries such as Singapore, Germany, Taiwan, South Korea, Australia, Israel, Japan and the UK for providing sector-specific expertise to this university.
• In February 2021, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi launched the ‘Asom Mala’ programme in Dhekiajuli of Sonitpur district to enhance the state's road infrastructure, boost economic progress and improve connectivity.
• In January 2021, BCPL Railway Infrastructure received a new order worth Rs. 516.04 million (US$ 6.96 million) for supply, erection, testing and commissioning of 25KV, 50HZ single phase traction overhead equipment (OHE).
• The project, which is expected to be completed over 45 days, has added Rs. 165 crore (US$ 19.8 million) to the company’s orderbook.
• The government of Assam has started the project preparatory activities for the World Bank-funded Inland Water Project under the Inland Water Transport Department at Rs. 975 crore (US$ 150.60) which will help realize the huge untapped potential in this sector.

Key Sectors

• In September 2023, the estimated tea production in the state stood at 88.44 million kilograms. For FY23, the production stood at 698.38 million kgs.
• In 2021-22, tea production in the state stood at 672.14 thousand tonnes. Assam’s Labour and Tea Tribes Welfare Minister, Mr. Sanjay Kishan, informed that COVID-19 care centres have been set up in >270 tea gardens. While in March 2023, tea production in the state stood at 33.39 million kgs. As of May 2021, 27,000 tea garden workers have been given the first dose of vaccination and 2,400 have been given the second dose. The government is speeding up the process with offline, on-the-spot registration facilities.
• Agriculture and Allies In 2021-22, the total production of horticulture crops in the state was expected to be 6738.58 thousand metric tonnes and the area under production was 662.36 thousand hectares. In 2019-20, the total production of vegetables and fruits in the state was estimated at 3673.88 thousand metric tonnes and 2,562.30 thousand metric, respectively.
• To revive the agricultural sector and double farmer incomes by 2022, the state government launched the ‘Assam Tractor Distribution’ scheme, under the Chief Minister’s Village Development Scheme (CMSGUY) for farmers.
• According to Assam’s Chief Minister Mr. Himanta Biswa Sarma, the state has 350 hectares of oil palm cultivation, covering Goalpara, Bongaigaon and Kamrup districts, which could be beneficial under the Union Government’s newly launched National Mission on Edible Oils - Oil Palm (NMEO-OP).
• Sericulture: Assam enjoys a global monopoly in terms of Muga silk (also known as golden silk) production. The state accounts for around 95% of global Muga production. Moreover, Assam is the country’s major Eri silk producer (accounts for 65% of the country’s Eri silk production). Under the State Budget 2020-21, the Government allocated Rs. 289 crore (US$ 41.35 million) for the Handloom Textiles and Sericulture Department.
• Health: In May 2021, Deputy Commissioner Ms. Keerthi Jalli inaugurated the Arogya Cachar Scheme, a centralized public grievance redressal system for all COVID-19 needs even during late nights. In February 2021, Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi laid the foundation stones for medical colleges and hospitals in Biswanath and Charaideo. This will boost Assam’s health infrastructure, which will not only benefit the state but also the entire Northeast.
• Tourism: In 2022, 2.05 million tourists arrived in Assam.

Geographical Area (sq km)

State language, literacy rate, key industries:, oil and gas, limestone and cement, agriculture, food processing, horticulture, related sites, related news.

Tata Electronics starts exporting chips from Bengaluru to global partners while preparing a chip packaging unit in Assam and a foundry in Gujarat.

Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi virtually launched three semiconductor projects, with a combined value estimated at approximately US$ 15.1 billion (Rs 1.25 trillion).

Government's strategic focus on 'Viksit Bharat 2047' Enhancing connectivity, expanding exports, and fortifying logistics infrastructure through key policies for a thriving India.

Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi launched 'Mahabahu-Brahmaputra' and laid the foundation stone of two bridges in Assam.

Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of two hospitals and launched ‘Asom Mala’, a programme for state highways and major district roads, in Assam; stated that about 1.25 crore people in Assam are being benefitted from Ayushman Bharat Scheme.

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• The scheme will upgrade the existing tourist infrastructure of the Tea Garden.
• The scheme will encourage private tea companies to promote tea tourism in the State.
• The scheme will help to develop modern amenities to attract tourists from all over the world.
• The scheme will help to develop coordination amongst the tea stakeholders including state tourist operators for flourishing tea –tourism.

The scheme will promote tea tourism promotional activities such as plucking tealeaves, going on nature walks, trekking and rafting, and even play of golf, etc.

• Focusing cultural and socio-economic scenario of the Tea Tribes of Assam worldwide for tourist attraction.
• Local traditions like food, attire, and handicrafts will be promoted.
• Private Tea Garden companies’ Garden owners can apply.
• If the tea garden is on a lease, then, the leaseholder can also apply subject to the lease period in hand being a minimum of 15 years from the date of application.
• Tea Garden company/Garden owner/ lease holder must be willing to undertake a tea tourism scheme.
• Tea Gardens which are iconic/heritage will be preferred.
• The ideal size of the tea garden should be 50 hectares and above. In the case of the hill district, the ideal size may be reduced to 25 hectares.
• Tea Gardens must be free from all kinds of disputes, free from encroachment, and industrial pollution.
• Tea Gardens situated nearest to the reserved forest, wildlife sanctuaries, and National Parks as well as other existing major tourist destinations/circuits, will be preferred.
• Tea gardens which have many more existing tourist infrastructures, especially iconic bungalows, golf courts, etc. shall be preferred.

Assistance will be given only for the renovation of iconic bungalows and newly created tourism infrastructures.

• For employment purposes in tea tourism-related activities dependent on Tea Garden, workers will be given preference.
• Voter, PAN & Aadhar card: Identity documents of the applicant
• Roadmap: A sketch or snapshot of Google Maps, showing the way to the location from the nearest prominent place or from the main road.
• No objection certificate from circle officer/DC.
• Police Verification Report of the applicant.
• Tourist place photos: proximate tourist attractions/place of interest photographs
• Demand Draft of ₹ 5000/- (Non-Refundable) with the Form in favour of Managing Director, Assam Tourism Development Corporation Ltd., Guwahati.
• Proper Land documents of the tea garden. (certified copy of deed/land document (patta/namjari))
• Lease agreement in case of tea garden on lease.
• Copy the Site plan etc. of the tea garden.
• Site photographs: the desired location for photographs
• Passport Photos: 1 copy self-attached photograph stick on the form and two other photographs self-attached along with Form No. on the back side to be pinned with form.
• Photocopy of the form: need two sets of forms (1 set original + 1 set photocopy).
• Envelope: 1 no. self-addressed envelope.
• A self-contained proposal on Tea tourism clearly indicates the work to be done for making the tea garden a tea tourism spot so that all the recreational infrastructures are highlighted.
• Undertaking pertaining to compliance with all the norms and/or provisions of the implementing Guidelines.
• Balance sheets of the tea garden for the last five years to be duly certified by the CA.
• Financial soundness certificate.

What is the scope of this scheme?

The scheme aims to provide an overall experience for tourists in the midst of a tea garden or state, with an accommodation facility in an iconic bungalow with modern amenities. The scope of the scheme will include trekking in the natural beauty of a lush tea garden, undertaking a tea-testing session, visiting a modern tea factory and even trying one’s hand at plucking tea leaves, etc.

What kind of activities will be promoted under this scheme?

Does this scheme focus on the Tea tribes of Assam?

Yes, this scheme is focusing on the cultural and socio-economic scenario of the Tea Tribes of Assam worldwide for tourist attraction.

Does this scheme develop coordination amongst the tea stakeholders & state tourist operators?

Yes, the scheme will help to develop coordination amongst the tea stakeholders including state tourist operators for flourishing tea –tourism.

Who is eligible for the scheme?

A Private Tea Garden companies’ Garden owner can apply under this scheme.

Can a holder of tea garden on lease is eligible under this scheme?

Yes, if the tea garden is on a lease, then, the leaseholder can also apply subject to the lease period in hand being a minimum of 15 years from the date of application. Further, the Tea Garden company/Garden owner/ lease holder must be willing to undertake a tea tourism scheme.

Will any preference be given to the Tea Garden under the scheme?

Tea Gardens which are iconic/heritage, situated nearest to the reserved forest, wildlife sanctuaries, and National Parks as well as other existing major tourist destinations/circuits, will be preferred.

Would employment purpose-related activities in tea tourism be given preference under this scheme?

Yes, for employment purposes in tea tourism-related activities dependent on Tea Garden workers will be given preference.

What is the purpose of giving financial assistance under the scheme?

How can I know about the opening of the application form?

Assam Tourism Development Corporation Ltd. will give wide publicity through open advertisements in daily newspapers, electronic media, etc. as per the norms. The applicant must check on a regular basis these sources of information.

Who are the members of the State Level Committee (SLC) for selection of Tea Gardens?

The SLC shall be constituted with the following members: (a) Senior most Secretary, Chairman (b) Any Secretary of Tourism Department, Member (c) Secretary, Industries, Member (d) Director, Tourism, Member (e) Managing Director, ATDC, Guwahati, Member Secretary

Will any physical inspection be conducted before finalizing the name of a beneficiary?

A physical inspection of the shortlisted gardens to verify their feasibility will be conducted by Assam Tourism Development Corporation (ATDC) before final selection.

Who will approve the list of eligible tea gardens?

After scrutiny and physical inspection, the list of eligible tea gardens will be approved by the SLC for further implementation of the scheme.

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Assam is a land of abundant travel opportunities with roaring rivers, wildlife, green tea gardens, thousands of species of flora and fauna and an endless variation of scenic beauty. This Category provides, information regarding Approved Hotels, Distance Chart, Heritage Sites/Monuments, Holy Shrine/ Pilgrims, Passports, Tourism Projects and Financial Assistance, Tourism Schemes, Tourist Operators/Travel Agencies, Tourists and Others.

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Potential and Challenges of Assam Tourism Sector & ‘Tourism Policy of Assam 2017’

N ow-a-days, tourism is considered as an important industry which has vast scope for the generation of income and employment. It is one of the world’s fastest growing industries, a major source of foreign exchange earner of a nation.

Assam is best known for her unique natural beauty with very rich bio-diversity, historical monuments, pilgrim centre, tea gardens and its colourful cultural festivals. All these are perfect ingredient to make Assam one of the best destination of the tourists but it is still miles to go to exploit the potentialities fairly, if not extensively. This is mainly due to various reasons ranging from natural and geographical to negligence of government.

Of the tourism sector in Assam, natural parks and sanctuaries, rivers, lakes, warm water springs, forests, wild life, are the principal components of attraction in the state. The whole tourism potentialities of the state can be grouped together under the categories – (a) Wildlife & Nature Tourism, (b) Tea tourism, (c) Eco Tourism, (d) Cultural Tourism, (e) Pilgrim Tourism and (f) Adventure Tourism.

(a) Wildlife & Nature Tourism in Assam – Assam’s dense forests, uneven topography, flora and fauna, snow-clad Himalaya, Blue hills, crystal clear streams, majestic waterfalls and its colourful wildlife, including many exclusive species. Assam is famous as the home of so many endangered species like one-horned Rhino, hollock gibbon, the stamp tailed macaque, the capped langur, the golden langur, the pigmy hog, the clouded leopard, the golden cat, the white winged wood-duck, etc. All these can make Assam as one of the best destination of the tourists. There are five National Parks and numerous wildlife and bird sanctuaries for protection and preservation of wildlife in the state. (b) Tea tourism – Tea was first discovered in Assam in 1823 by Robert and Charles Bruce and since then tea has become an integral part of Assam’s economy. It is the largest single industrial sector in the state. The importance of Tea industry can be realised from the fact that Assam alones produces more than 50% of the country’s total tea production. These lush green tea gardens in Assam is a treasure house of exotic beauty of nature with colourful people and their enchanting songs and dances, sprawling bungalows, and residential facilities. These facilities can form into an attractive package for tourism and its potential can be explored.

(c) Eco Tourism – A novel kind of tourism developed around the idea of travelling to places of natural beauty, moving around and staying with the places of nature for a couple of days. It has the twin objectives of conserving environment and improving the welfare of the local people. Assam has immense scope for eco-tourism, due to its green forests, blue hills, enchanting rivers, scenic natural beauty, and favourable climatic conditions.

(d) Cultural Tourism – Assam has diverse ethnic groups with a host of cultural heritage. Each of these tribes possesses some unique features in its socio-cultural life including customs, religious belief, language, culture, way-of-life, festivals, food habits, songs and dances which are different from others. The state’s Tourism department also organizes various cultural festivals like Tea Festival, River Festivals, Rongali Festival, Dihing patkai Festival and Elephant Festival can be considered to develop state’s tourism.

(e) Pilgrim Tourism – Assam has many ancient temples and shrines including Kamakhya temple, Ambubchi mela, Borpeta Vaishnava monastery, Batadrawa, Birth place of Shri Sankardeva, Majuli the centre of Vaishnava culture, Surya Pahar Pua Mecca. These places have potential to attract a large number of religious tourists.

(f) Adventure Tourism – The pristine hill, difficult terrains, valleys, and forest, high current rivers etc. offers ideal opportunities to the adventure lovers to go for adventure sports activities like rock-climbing, trekking, Para-sailing, water sports, river rafting and angling etc. An annual angling competition held at Bhalukpung-Potasali side every year in November in which Indian and foreign tourists participate.

Tourist Hotspots

For the purposes of tourism there are wildlife reserves like the Kaziranga National Park, Manas National Park, Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, Nameri National Park, Dibru-Saikhowa National Park etc. It has a rich cultural heritage going back to the Ahom Dynasty which governed the region for many centuries before the British occupation.

Guwahati -One of the key urban centres of Assam and the biggest city in North-East India, this serves as the major gateway to the whole region. The major tourist spots of Guwahati are Kamakhya Temple, River Cruise on the river Brahmaputra, Shankardev Kalakshetra, Umananda Temple, Assam State Zoo, Shilpagram etc. Chandubi Lake, Sonapur, Madan Kamdev, Chandrapur and Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary are other famous spots outskirts the city .While visiting Madan Kamdev Tourists also visit the ancient temple Gopeswar Mandir situated in the village Deuduar.

Majuli -The largest freshwater island] in South Asia on the Brahmaputra River. Majuli is famous for its Vaishnavite Satras such as Kamalabari Satra, Dakhinpat Satra, Garamurh Satra, Auniati Satra, Bengenaati Satra and Samaguri Satra.

Kaziranga National Park-This protected area is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and serves as one of the last remaining habitat of the Great Indian One-horned Rhinoceros. Also check out Manas National Park and Orang National Park. Jatinga-This village is famous for mysterious suicides of the birds, located in Dima Hasao.

Sonitpur- Protected areas to see in the district are Nameri National Park, Bura Chapori Wildlife Sanctuary, Sonai Rupai Wildlife Sanctuary and a part of Orang National Park. Bhalukpong is also an important tourist place. Tezpur is a small town steeped in history and culture. Some of these are Agnigarh, Mahabhairav Temple, Chitralekha Udyan, Bamuni Hills, Usha Pahar etc. Biswanath Chariali town is 75 km away from Tezpur, is famous for the Biswanath Ghat, also called popularly as “Gupta Kashi”.

Jorhat – Situated at 318 km east from Guwahati, Jorhat is a very important city, the last capital of Ahom era, as well as the tea capital of India. Important spots in and around Jorhat city are Jorhat Science Centre and Planetarium, Jorhat Gymkhana Club, Raja Maidam, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Dhekiakhowa Bornamghar, Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Lachit Maidam, Molai forest, Kaziranga Golf Resort, Thengal Bhawan etc.

Sivadol Temple -As Sivsagar was the seat of the Ahom Kingdom, it is surrounded by many ancient monuments of Ahom era. Those are Rang Ghar, Talatal Ghar, Sivadol, Kareng Ghar of Garhgaon, Joy Dol, Sivasagar Tank, Joysagar Tank, Joymati Maydam, Vishnu Dol, Devi Dol, Gourisagar Dol and Tank, Charaideo, Namdang Stone Bridge etc. Tai Museum and Uttaran Museum which exhibits the history of Ahom. Panidihing Bird Sanctuary, the abode of more than 250 species of birds.

Hajo-Hajo is an ancient pilgrimage centre for three religions Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism.

Haflong – Haflong is the only hill station of Assam. The headquarters of Dima Hasao. The village of Jatinga is known for mysterious bird suicide on the night of new moon.

Tinsukia -Many prominent shopping malls are there in Tinsukia. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park one of the biggest national parks in India are situated in Tinsukia. This national park is considered as one the biological hotspots. The Tilinga Mandir(Bell Temple) is a well-known temple situated in the outskirts of Tinsukia city. Digboi Refinery the Asia’s oldest refinery is situated here. A railway park is recent addition to the city. Dehing Patkai Festival annual festival helds at Lekhapani in Tinsukia district. India’s only coal museum is situated at Margherita town in Tinsukia district. Tribal communities in Tinsukia district have taken initiatives to promote ecotourism in the region. The Singpho Eco Tourist lodge in Margherita-Pengari road and the Faneng Village at Lekhapani are two such initiatives by the local tribal communities.

Dibrugarh – Dibrugarh is called the tea capital of the world. The town is situated on the edge of the Brahmaputra River. Set amidst extensive tea estates, Dibrugarh offers tourists the opportunity to experience a life in a tea estate. Recently, tea tourism has started becoming popular, with travel companies such as Greener Pastures and Purvi Discovery offering tea tours. Tipam is a famous tourist spot of Dibrugarh. Tipam is an ethnic village which is famous for its historical places. Besides Tipam, Dehing Patkai rainforest is the other attraction. Presently the city has the biggest railway station in Assam with 18 Lines opened in 2009. Rajdhani Express Train Originate from Dibrugarh and Dibrugarh Town.

Challenges to the development of Tourism in Assam

• Absence of a well formulated Tourism Policy – Assam has a policy on tourism prepared in November 1987. But these steps did not bring forth any concrete result. Still the state has no any proper tourism policy.
• Restricted Area Permit (RAP) – The RAP to the North-Eastern region was enforced in 1955, under which, a foreigner intending to visit North-East including Assam had to undergo a long arduous procedure of obtaining permission from the Home Ministry. RAP was in force till May 18, 1999 and the ghost of RAP still continues to loom large and create false apprehension in the mind of the foreign tourists.
• Insurgency – The problem of insurgency has become the stumbling block in every development strategy of the state and hampered all the development work.
• Lack of Basic Infrastructure – To promote tourism and attract tourists, dissemination of information, infrastructural facilities and reliable communication network, availability of water sports equipment etc. are needed.
• Lack of willingness of authorities from various department and authorities.

Promotional Measures Over the years, both the Central and State Govt. of Assam had identified and executed several large, medium and minor tourism projects for infrastructure building as well as schemes for marketing and promotion of Assam Tourism. These included infrastructure projects like the following all of which have had a major impact on promotion of tourism in the state of Assam.

• Development of Tourism circuits Tourism Complex
• Upgradation and expansion of tourist facilities
• Development of Pilgrim Centres
• Water Sports etc.
• Appointing Priyanka Chopra as a brand ambassador for Assam Tourism
• New tourism policy, effective from January 2018, for next five years.

There has been significant progress in most of the projects during the last few years. Once all the infrastructure projects are completed, these will go a long way in promoting Assam Tourism. Nevertheless, for sustainable growth of tourism, large investment for infrastructure development is called for. This can be possible if all the stakeholder, including Govt and the private sector comes forward for investment considering the potential of Assam Tourism.

Highlights of the ‘Tourism Policy of Assam 2017’

• The policy effective from January 2018 till December 2022, gives special emphasis on making the state a destination of film making by offering a range of incentives to movie producers.
• Declared the sector as industry and all facilities and incentives applicable to industries shall be available to Tourism industry also.”
• Cash grant of 25 per cent or Rs 1 crore, whichever is less, of expenditure in Assam will be offered as reimbursement to Hindi, English and foreign language cinema makers, who have produced a minimum of five feature films.
• Other subsidies, including 50 per cent reimbursement of net state GST paid for 10 years by a new tourism unit that will start commercial operations by December 2022, subject to maximum of 100 per cent fixed capital investment.
• A capital investment subsidy at the rate of 30 per cent of capital investment, subject to a ceiling of Rs 1 crore, shall be available for tourist lodges, hotels, resorts, houseboats and floating restaurants.
• A subsidy of 25 per cent of cost payable for connecting power line to the eligible tourism units with a ceiling of Rs 10 lakh will be provided.
• A range of financial benefits for constructing approach roads and installing renewable source of energy at the tourist units.
• Private sector will be encouraged to pro-actively participate and invest in tourist places in the tourism sector.
• A special incentive will be offered as additional 10 per cent capital grant up to Rs 25 lakh for investment in remote/potential tourist destination of Assam.

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IMPROVEMENT OF MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE

The objective of ‘Act East Policy’ is to promote economic cooperation, cultural ties and develop strategic relationship with countries in the Asia-Pacific region by providing enhanced connectivity to the State of North Eastern Region with other countries in India’s neighborhood.  Recognizing the significance of rivers for connectivity and prosperity, 20 rivers in the North East were declared as National Waterways under the National Waterways Act, 2016. To improve the waterway connectivity within the North East Area to facilitate enhancing trade expansion strategies, Government approved 05 projects at a total cost of INR 1126 cr. for development of the Inland Water Transport (IWT) infrastructure on National Waterways in the North-Eastern Region (NER). The details of IWT projects is annexed [Annexure-I]

Further, Sagarmala programme is the flagship programme of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to promote port-led development in the country through harnessing India’s 7,500 km long coastline, 14,500 km of potentially navigable waterways and strategic location on key international maritime trade routes. As a part of Sagarmala Programme more than 400 projects at an estimated cost of around Rs. 2.55 Lakh Crore have been identified for implementation in the eastern coast of India.  Sagarmala projects includes projects from various categories such as modernisation of existing ports and terminals, new ports, terminals, RoRo& tourism jetties, enhancement of port connectivity, inland waterways, lighthouse tourism, industrialization around port, skill development, technology centres, etc.

There is a specific focus on regional connectivity initiatives which act as force multipliers for regional growth and development while enhancing people to people contact and enhancing economic cooperation. Port of Vishakhapatnam and SPMK Port at Kolkata have been notified Gateway Port to meet the transit requirement of EXIM cargo of Nepal. On the eastern coast, Bangladesh has notified the Vishakhapatnam Port as ‘transhipment port of call’ for its container cargo in view of the location and connectivity advantages. Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) has undertaken projects for connectivity of NE States with neighboring countries like Myanmar & Bangladesh. 

This information was given by the Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal in a written reply to the Rajya Sabha.

Full list of portfolios of council of ministers in PM Modi 3.0 govt: Who gets what

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi - Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Space
• Rajnath Singh - Ministry of Defence
• Amit Shah - Ministry of Home Affairs; Ministry of Cooperation
• Nitin Gadkari - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways; Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
• JP Nadda - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Shivraj Singh Chouhan - Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare; Ministry of Rural Development
• Nirmala Sitharaman - Ministry of Finance; Ministry of Corporate Affairs
• Subrahmanyam Jaishankar - Ministry of External Affairs
• Manohar Lal Khattar - Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs; Ministry of Power
• JD(S) leader HD Kumaraswamy - Ministry of Heavy Industries; Ministry of Steel
• Piyush Goyal - Ministry of Commerce and Industry
• Dharmendra Pradhan - Ministry of Education
• HAM leader Jitan Ram Manjhi - Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
• JD(U) leader Lalan Singh - Ministry of Panchayati Raj; Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
• Sarbananda Sonowal - Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
• Virendra Kumar - Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
• TDP leader Kinjarapu Ram Mohan Naidu - Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Prahlad Joshi - Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution; Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
• Jual Oram - Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• Giriraj Singh - Ministry of Textiles
• Ashwini Vaishnaw - Ministry of Railways; Ministry of Information and Broadcasting; Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
• Jyotiraditya Scindia - Ministry of Communications; Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region
• Bhupendra Yadav - Ministry of Environment and Forests
• Gajendra Singh Shekhawat - Ministry of Tourism; Ministry of Culture
• Annpurna Devi - Ministry of Women & Child Development
• Kiren Rijiju - Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs; Ministry of Minority Affairs
• Hardeep Singh Puri - Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas
• Mansukh Mandaviya - Ministry of Labour & Employment; Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
• G Kishan Reddy - Ministry of Coal; Ministry of Mines
• LJP(RV) Chirag Paswan - Ministry of Food Processing Industries
• C R Patil - Ministry of Jal Shakti
• Rao Inderjit Singh - Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation; Ministry of Planning; Minister of State in the Ministry of Culture
• Jitendra Singh - Ministry of Science and Technology; Ministry of Earth Sciences; Minister of State in the Prime Minister’s Office; Minister of State in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Minister of State in the Department of Atomic Energy; Minister of State in the Department of Space
• Arjun Ram Meghwal - Ministry of Law and Justice; Minister of State in the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
• Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav - Ministry of Ayush; Minister of State in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• RLD chief Jayant Chaudhary - Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship; Minister of State in the Ministry of Education
• Jitin Prasada - MoS Ministry of Commerce and Industry; MoS Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.
• Shripad Yesso Naik - MoS Ministry of Power; MoS Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
• Pankaj Chaudhary - MoS Ministry of Finance
• Krishan Pal - MoS Ministry of Cooperation
• RPI(A) leader Athawale Ramdas Bandu - MoS Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
• Ram Nath Thakur - MoS Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
• Nityanand Rai - MoS Ministry of Home Affairs
• Anupriya Singh Patel - MoS Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; MoS Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
• V Somanna - MoS Ministry of Jal Shakti; MoS Ministry of Railways
• TDP MP Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani - MoS Ministry of Rural Development; MoS Ministry of Communications
• S. P. Singh Baghel - MoS Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying; MoS Ministry of Panchayati Raj
• Shobha Karandlaje - MoS Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; MoS Ministry of Labour and Employment
• Kirti Vardhan Singh - MoS Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change; MoS Ministry of External Affairs
• BL Verma - MoS Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution; MoS Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
• Shantanu Thakur - MoS Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
• Suresh Gopi - MoS Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas; MoS Ministry of Tourism
• L. Murugan - MoS Ministry of Information and Broadcasting; MoS Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
• Ajay Tamta - MoS Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
• Bandi Sanjay Kumar - MoS Ministry of Home Affairs
• Kamlesh Paswan - MoS Ministry of Rural Development
• Bhagirath Choudhary - MoS Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
• Satish Chandra Dubey - MoS Ministry of Coal; MoS Ministry of Mines
• Sanjay Seth - MoS Ministry of Defence
• Ravneet Singh Bittu - MoS Ministry of Food Processing Industries; MoS Ministry of Railways
• Durga Das Uikey - MoS Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• Raksha Nikhil Khadse - MoS Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
• Sukanta Majumdar - MoS Ministry of Education; MoS Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region.
• Savitri Thakur - MoS Ministry of Women and Child Development.
• Tokhan Sahu - MoS Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
• Raj Bhushan Choudhary - MoS Ministry of Jal Shakti
• Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma - MoS Ministry of Heavy Industries; MoS Ministry of Steel
• Harsh Malhotra - MoS Ministry of Road Transport and Highways; MoS Ministry of Corporate Affairs
• Nimuben Bambhania - MoS Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
• Murlidhar Mohol - MoS Ministry of Cooperation; MoS Ministry of Civil Aviation
• George Kurian - MoS Ministry of Minority Affairs; MoS Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
• Pabitra Margherita - MoS Ministry of External Affairs; MoS Ministry of Textiles

Narendra Modi Takes Oath As India's Prime Minister For Historic Third Consecutive Term